新桂系乡村建设研究（1931—1945）

发布时间：2018-03-12 17:29

本文选题：广西　切入点：新桂系　出处：《广西师范大学》2004年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本课题是根据“十五”社科课题指南“民国时期的乡村建设”的要求，并由本人结合广西的实际情况而确定的。中国自古以农立国，农村问题是中国的主要问题。对民国时期乡村建设的研究，将深化对20世纪中国历史的理解，并为当前的三农问题，提供解决具体问题的历史依据。关于民国时期的乡村建设研究，目前学术界对梁漱溟、晏阳初的乡村建设活动研究较多，而对国民政府的乡村建设活动研究不足。与新桂系乡建运动有关的论文和论著较多。广西的乡建运动是一个较广泛和庞大的工程，有关论文和论著由于研究的目的不同或篇幅有限，只研究了乡建运动的某一方面的内容。本人在前人研究成果的基础上，对广西乡建运动作综合分析研究，并对未研究的领域作补充研究。运用历史学的方法从政治、经济、军事、文化四个方面，对广西乡建的背景、过程与结果，进行系统、全面、深入地分析，厘清此时期广西乡村建设运动的基本脉络和历史特征，将广西乡建运动与其它地区乡建运动作比较研究，总结出广西乡建的特点；运用现代化的理论，对广西乡建运动的影响进行评价。本论文共分八个部分：第一部分：广西乡建运动的背景分析。20世纪30年代初广西农村经济的衰落主要表现为以下几点：1、土地问题严重；2、农村金融枯竭；3、农民生活绝对贫困化；4、农业生产落后；广西农村经济衰落原因主要有：1、帝国主义的侵略；2、乡绅阶级的没落和乡村权力的痞化。3、封建土地所制造成土地向地富阶层集中；4、天灾人祸破坏了农业生产。第二部分：新桂系乡建思想。笔者先论述乡村建设与三民主义、三自政策的关系，认为新桂系建设乡村的目标是使广西的县、省达到“三自”，最终实现三民主义。新桂系的乡建方案分为政治建设、经济建设、文化建设、军事建设四个部分。三自政策根据三民主义制订，同时亦与全国其它地区的地方自治理论有许多相似之处。第三部分：广西乡村行政建设。20世纪30年代前，广西乡村组织不健全，政府对乡村的控制较弱。30年代初新桂系开始在广西实行具有现代特征的行政制度，建立乡村公所组织，开展户籍人事登记，土地陈报，改良风俗，发展交通等建设乡村的工作。乡村行政建设加强新桂系对广西乡村的全面控制。第四部分：乡村经济建设。新桂系在统治广西期间，很重视农村问题，采取了一系列振兴农村经济的措施。新桂系开展公共造产，增加了乡村政府的收入对乡村的财政困难有所缓解；实行一系列发展农业生产的措施，如建立和健全发展农业的专门机构、实行增加粮食生产的措施等，促进了广西农业的现代化。广西的农贷在抗战初期在政府的推动下，得到迅猛发展，农贷促进了广西农村经济的发展，支援了抗战。第五部分：广西的乡村军事建设。新桂系的乡村军事建设主要内容就是建设新民团，民团成为推动乡村各项建设的力量，民团为新桂系提供了充足的兵源，加强了新桂系的军事力量，亦有利于抗战。 WP=3 第六部分：乡村文化建设。乡村的文化建设主要体现为，新桂系开展一场旨在普及全省民众教育的运动——国民基础教育运动。该运动促进了广西教育的现代化，亦有力地促进了乡村各项建设和抗战。第七部分：乡村建设对广西乡村社会的影响。这种影响主要有：1、乡村建设使国家政权下沉到乡村，在一定程度上避免了广西乡村政权的“内卷化”。2、乡村建设冲击了乡村传统权力文化网络。3、乡村建设促进了广西各民族之间的交往和团结。4、乡村建设对全国的乡村建设产生了广泛的影响。同时，乡村建设亦对广西乡村社会产生了一些负作用。第八部分：广西乡建特点及其历史地位。广西的乡村建设与全国其它地区相比，具有鲜明的现代性特征，军事化特色，取得的效果亦较全国其它地区明显。虽然新桂系采用的乡建模式与全国其它地区的乡村模式有所不同，取得的成绩亦很丰硕，但就其本质而论，，它和其它乡建运动一样属于乡村改革良运动。
[Abstract]:This topic is based on the "fifteen" social science project guide "the Republic of rural construction", and by combining with the actual situation of Guangxi and determined. Chinese is an old agricultural country, rural problems are the main problems China. Research on rural construction in the Republic of China, on twentieth Century Chinese deep understanding of history and, for the present problems of peasants, provide the historical basis to solve specific problems. The research on rural construction in the Republic of China, the current academic circles on Liang Shuming, Yan Yangchu's rural construction research more, and the national government in rural construction activities. Lack of research related to the New Guangxi clique and the construction works more. Guangxi township is a more extensive and huge project, the relevant papers and works for different research purposes or limited space, only studied the movement of one aspect of the content of the people. On the basis of previous research results, for the comprehensive analysis of Guangxi s rural construction movement, and supplementary research for future research in the field. By using the method of history from the political, economic, military, the four aspects of culture, the Guangxi rural construction background, process and result, system, comprehensive, in-depth analysis. To clarify the Guangxi rural construction movement the basic context and historical characteristics of this period, the Guangxi rural construction movement and other areas of rural construction movement for comparative study, summed up the characteristics of Guangxi rural construction; the use of modern theory of Guangxi s rural construction movement influence evaluation.
This paper is divided into eight parts:
The first part: the background of Guangxi rural construction movement analysis.20 century at the beginning of 30s Guangxi rural economic decline mainly as follows: 1, the land issue is serious; 2, rural financial depletion; 3, farmers living in absolute poverty; 4, agricultural production is backward; Guangxi rural economic decline reasons are: 1, Empire the doctrine of aggression; 2, the decline of the gentry and the corruption of the rural power.3, feudal land the land was concentrated to the rich class; 4, natural calamities and man-made misfortunes destroyed agricultural production.
The second part: the new countryside construction thought. Firstly the author discusses the rural construction and the relationship between the three people's principles, policy, that the goal is to make the construction of rural Guangxi County, province to achieve the "three self" and ultimately achieve the three principles of the people. The rural construction scheme is divided into economic construction, political construction, cultural construction, four parts the construction of military policy. Based on the three people's principles, at the same time, there are many similarities between the local autonomy theory and other areas of the country.
The third part: administrative construction of village of Guangxi.20 century before 30s, Guangxi rural organization is not perfect, the government of the country in the early 1990s the weak control.30 began to implement the modern characteristic of administrative system in Guangxi, the establishment of rural household registration office organization, carry out personnel, land report, improved customs, transportation and other construction of rural development work. The rural administrative construction to strengthen the overall control of the new village in Guangxi.
The fourth part: the development of rural economy in Guangxi. The ruling period, attaches great importance to rural issues, adopted a series of measures to revitalize rural economy. The development of public construction, increasing the income of rural village government financial difficulties eased; the implementation of a series of development of agricultural production, such as the establishment of specialized agencies and sound the development of agriculture, the implementation of measures to increase food production, promote Guangxi agriculture modernization. Guangxi agriculture in the early days of the war under the impetus of the government, has been the rapid development of agriculture, promote the economic development in rural areas of Guangxi, supported the war.
The fifth part: the rural military construction in Guangxi. The main content of rural construction is the construction of new military mission, to promote the construction of rural militia became the power of militia provided sufficient manpower to strengthen the Guixi, military power, is also conducive to the anti war.
WP=3
The sixth part: the cultural construction in rural areas. Rural culture construction are mainly carried out a public education to promote the province's movement -- the national basic education. The movement in Guangxi to promote the modernization of education, but also effectively promote the construction of rural and anti war.
The seventh part: the impact of rural construction of Guangxi rural society. The influences include: 1, the rural construction of state power sinking into the country, to a certain extent, to avoid the Guangxi rural regime "Involution".2, the impact of the rural construction rural traditional culture of power network.3, the country to promote the construction of various ethnic groups in Guangxi.4 communication and unity, rural construction has great influence on the rural construction. At the same time, the rural construction has also produced some negative effects on Guangxi rural society.
The eighth part: Guangxi rural construction characteristics and historical position of Guangxi's rural construction. Compared with other provinces, has the characteristics of modernity, military characteristics, the effect is obvious. While the other parts of the country by the rural construction mode and the other areas of the country model is different, the achievements are also very rich, but its essence, it and other rural construction movement as part of good rural reform movement.

【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：K297

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