明代西海蒙古史研究

发布时间：2018-03-29 08:25

本文选题：蒙古　切入点：西海蒙古　出处：《中央民族大学》2004年博士论文

【摘要】： 明代中期，蒙古右翼三万户的一些部落陆续西迁，进入西海(今青海湖周围一带)，被称为“西海蒙古”。西海蒙古的入迁，使环青海湖居住的藏族先民被迫迁到黄河以南，改变了西海地区的民族分布格局，使蒙古族与藏族一起成为青海的主体民族，这种格局一直持续到今天。蒙古进入西海后，有一部分深入到藏族、撒里畏兀儿(裕固族的先民)、土族聚居的腹地，最终与它们融合，成为它们的一部分，给这些民族带来了新生力量。蒙古族进入西海，还与藏传佛教的东向传播密不可分。以西海蒙古为中介，藏传佛教迅速传播到了整个蒙古地区，，密切了西藏与蒙古的关系，为以后清朝统一多民族国家的进一步巩固奠定了基础。研究西海蒙古史，可以弥补蒙古史、明史、青海地方史、藏传佛教史研究中的不足，还历史以原貌。研究西海蒙古与藏族先民的关系，有助于今天更好地团结蒙藏两族人民，为青海的经济繁荣与社会稳定做贡献。全文共分五章，第一章简要地追述了“西海蒙古”进入青海前蒙古族在青海地区的活动及分布情况。第二章介绍了早期进入西海的各蒙古部落，对其首领亦不剌、满都赉阿哈剌忽、卜儿孩等人的出身、主要活动、子嗣及余部的归属等问题进行详细的考述。第三章主要介绍了进入两海的右翼黄金家族部落，并以部落为序，详细考订了其迁入西海的时间、首领的出身、在西海的事迹、子嗣及余部的情况等，并阐述了西海蒙古对格鲁派传播及发展壮大的贡献。在本章里，笔者还对一些以往史家没有涉猎到的领域做了一些探讨和研究;对一些在史学界还没有取得共识的问题提出自己的看法。第四章从西海蒙古的角度出发，详细介绍其与明朝通贡互市的情况、与西海“番族”的关系以及与藏传佛教格鲁派的关系。第五章从总体上说明西海蒙古西迁的原因及历史影响，对全文进行总结。东蒙古迁入西海，始于永谢布太师亦不刺。他与鄂尔多斯领主满都贵阿哈刺忽于正德四年(1509年)开始西迁，先驻牧于甘、凉边外一带，后进入西海，攻破安定等四卫，占据四卫的牧地。几乎与此同时，达延汗的同母异父弟卜儿孩也因内乱到西海避难，与亦不刺一起成为西海蒙古的主要首领。后来蒙古本部的吉囊、俺答等人对西海不断进行征讨，亦不刺等人最终被征服。为了统领归附的亦不刺部众及新收服的撒里畏兀儿人，俺答又留永邵卜大成台吉、丙兔等驻牧西海，留鄂尔多斯的宾兔台吉驻牧松山，守护由蒙古进入西海的通道。进入西海后，蒙古接触到藏传佛教，由此引发了俺答与达赖三世的仰华寺会晤，蒙古各部从此开始正式饭依藏传佛教。仰华寺大会后，由于宗教上的原因，进入西海的蒙古部落较以前更多，力量也更加强大。明朝人称在西海长期驻牧的蒙古部众为“海寇”、“海虏”，称来往于西海与蒙古本部间的蒙古部众为“流虏”。明朝方面还为“海虏”在扁都口等地设立固定的互市口岸，对“流虏”也经常给予一些物质上的援助。万历中期，西海蒙古与明朝发生冲突，明朝派郑洛经略西海。郑洛采取“招抚番族、限制流虏、孤立海虏”的政策，并出兵莽刺、捏工二川，把海部的势力驱逐到黄河以北，焚毁仰华寺，西海蒙古从此元气大伤。崇祯年间，外喀尔喀蒙古领主绰克图台吉因在内战中被驱逐，率部进入西海，征服西海蒙古余部。1637年，和硕特蒙古固始汗进入青海，消灭了绰克图台吉，西海蒙古余部多为其收编，青海蒙古史进入和硕特统治时期。蒙古进入西海后，遭到了“番族”的抵抗，部分“番族”被迫迁走，部分被迫向蒙古纳赋役。西海蒙古还在藏传佛教向蒙古传播和格鲁派在西藏各教派中取得优势地位的过程中发挥了重要作用。
[Abstract]:In the mid Ming Dynasty, some tribes of Mongolia right thirty thousand households migrated into the West (now Qinghai Lake neighborhood), known as the "West Mongolia". West Mongolia moved to Qinghai Lake to live, the Tibetan ancestors were forced to move to the south of the Yellow River, west area people changed the distribution pattern, the Mongolian and the Tibetan together became the main nationality in Qinghai, this pattern continues to this day. Mongolia entered the west, there is a part to spread in Tibetan, Uighur (the ancestors), Tu in the hinterland, and eventually they merged, becoming part of them, bring new strength to the Mongolian people. People into the sea, and the Tibetan Buddhism spread to the east to the west of Mongolia are inseparable. As the intermediary, Tibetan Buddhism spread to the whole region of Mongolia, closer relations between Tibet and Mongolia, for the later Qing Dynasty unified multi-ethnic country To further consolidate the foundation. On the west of Mongolia history, can make up for the history of Mongolia, history of the Ming Dynasty, the local history of Qinghai, lack of research in the history of Tibetan Buddhism, but also the history of the relationship between Mongolia and the West. The original Tibetan ancestors, today is helpful to better unite the Mongolian and Tibetan people two people, contribute to economic prosperity and social stability in Qinghai.
This thesis consists of five chapters, the first chapter briefly describes the "West Mongolia" into the activities in the Qinghai area of Qinghai Mongolian and distribution. The second chapter introduces the early entry into the sea the tribes of Mongolia, the leader is not full of puncture, puncture and AHA Dalai et al, bu girl born, mainly activities of the test problems with children and the remnants of the ownership. The third chapter mainly introduces into the two sea wing gold family tribe, and tribal order, the detailed examination of its time in the west, the princes of the origin, in the west of the story, and more than the other children,
And elaborated the Mongolia west of the spread and development of the Gelug Sect. In this chapter, the author
Some of the fields that the past historians have not been involved in have been discussed and studied;
The fourth chapter from Mongolia in the West Sea
Point of view, a detailed introduction on the Ming Dynasty and the tribute trade with the west, "fan group".
The Department and the relationship with the Gelug Sect of Tibetan Buddhism. The fifth chapter from the overall description of the Mongolia West moved to the West
The full text is summed up by the reasons and historical effects.
East to Mongolia in the west, in forever does not sting. He tells cloth and Ordos Lords
Full of your thorn suddenly in Masanori four years "(1509) began to move West first stationed in Gansu, cool
The side outside the area, after entering the sea, break the stability of four Wei Wei, occupy four and almost rangeland.
At the same time, Daankhan's half brother, girl because of civil strife to the West and refuge, nor thorn
Together to become the chief leader of Mongolia in the West Sea. Later, the Jilin of the Mongolia department, I answered the west to the West
We are not against the sea, eventually conquered thorn et al. In order to guide the submitted will not stab Department
The new cast and rein in the Uighur people, I also left a permanent Buda into Tai Ji Shao, C rabbit in animal husbandry
In the West Sea, the bin JiJi of Ordos is stationed in Mount Songshan, guarding the passage from Mongolia into the West Sea.
After entering the West Sea, Mongolia came into contact with the Tibetan Buddhism, which led to my reply to the Dalai third.
After the meeting of the Chinese temple, all the Mongolia ministries began to formally eat the Tibetan Buddhism.
For the religious reasons, the Mongolia tribes entering the West Sea were more and more powerful than before.
The person in the West in the Mongolia Department of public long-term animal husbandry as "Pirates", "sea Mongolia", said from
The Mongolia department between the West Sea and the Mongolia department is a "captive". The Ming Dynasty is still the "captive" in the Ming Dynasty.
Biandukou and other places to set up fixed trade ports, to "flow from" often give some material
Aid. Mid Wanli, Mongolia West conflict and Ming Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty sent Zheng Luo West.
ZhengLuo take some Zhaofu family, isolated from the sea from the limited flow, "policy, and to mang thorn,
Work two Sichuan, the power of the sea to the north of the Yellow River, burn the temple of the Yang Hua, Mongolia from the West Sea from
This weakened. Chongzhen, outside the kaerka Mongolia Chuo Taiwan on Lord Fecteau in the civil war was
The rate of expulsion, into the sea, West Mongolia to conquer more than.1637 years, Heshuote Mongolia solid
The beginning of sweat into Qinghai, kill Chuo Fecteau, Tai Ji Mongolia West, more than for its incorporation, Qinghai
The history of Mongolia into the Heshuote reign.
After entering the West Sea, Mongolia was resisted by the "clan", and some of the "clan" were forced.
The move, part of Mongolia was forced to tax. Mongolia is still satisfied West to Mongolia and Tibetan Buddhism spread
Play an important role in the process of the Gelug Sect to obtain the dominant position in Tibet in denominations.

【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：K28

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