论二十世纪二三十年代的中国民族史研究

发布时间：2018-04-03 02:20

本文选题：中国民族史　切入点：田野调查　出处：《华东师范大学》2005年硕士论文

【摘要】：众所周知,民族史是历史研究的重要组成部分。中国自古以来就是多民族的国家,不同历史时期生活在中国境内及周边的各民族,都对中国历史与文化的发展做出过重大的贡献。从很早的时期开始,中国的历史著述就注重对境内及周边地区各有关民族活动的记载。在中国传统的史籍中,甚至还出现了一大批类似于近代民族志之类的专门著作。然而,从总体上来看,传统史籍有关中国境内各民族活动的记述,大多失之简略(汉族除外),不少内容往往还带有道听途说的成份。特别是在儒家“内诸夏而外夷狄”的思想影响下,传统史家对周边少数民族大多抱有很深的歧见。唐代的杜佑就认为,“覆载之内,日月所临,华夏居土中,生物受气正。其人性和而才惠,其地产厚而类繁,所以诞生圣贤,继施法教,随时拯弊,因物利用。”至于华夏以外的其他各族,则“其地偏,其地梗,不生圣哲,莫革旧风,诰训之所不可,礼义之所不及。”在这种思想指导下,传统史家对周边有关民族的记述,很难谈得上客观或公正。近代以来,在内忧外患的刺激下,民族史的研究与撰述日益受到学界的重视。尤其是到了二十世纪二三十年代,随着西方近代民族学、人类学和社会学等新兴学科理论与方法的传入,一大批学者开始从事于民族史的研究工作。王国维、梁启超倡之于前,李济、王桐龄、吕思勉、林惠祥等人继之于后。一时间,中国史学界推出了一大批具有近代学术范式意义的民族史论著。这些论著以近代的民族学理论为基础,一扫传统正史中“四夷传”的格局,以全新的视野和全新的方法,较为系统地重写了不同历史时期中国境内及其周边地区的民族史。揭示了中国境内各主要民族的发展态势以及民族文化融合的常规。正是在他们的努力之下,一个具有丰富内容和完整体系的新兴学科——中国民族史,就此宣告成立。本文即以二十世纪二三十年代问世的中国民族史研究论著为考察中心,从史学史的角度,对这一时期中国民族史研究兴起的学术背景、发展过程、各家各派的理论建树、学术成就及其特点等,加以讨论。全文共分为三个部分: 第一部分为“中国民族史研究的兴起与发展”,该部分结合对中国民族史研究兴起的学术背景和发展过程的讨论,力图从总体上勾勒出这一时期中国民族史研究的发展进程和整体情况。
[Abstract]:As we all know, national history is an important part of historical research.China has been a multi-ethnic country since ancient times. The nationalities living in and around China in different historical periods have made great contributions to the development of Chinese history and culture.Since early times, Chinese historical writings have focused on the records of ethnic activities in and around China.In the traditional Chinese history books, even a large number of modern ethnography such as the emergence of specialized works.However, on the whole, the traditional historical records about the activities of various nationalities in China are mostly brief (except Han nationality, many of which are often accompanied by hearsay).Especially under the influence of Confucianism, traditional historians hold deep differences about the surrounding minorities.Du you of the Tang Dynasty believed that, "within the overburden, the sun and the moon, the Huaxia in the soil, the life is Qi."Its human nature and only benefit, its property is thick and numerous, so the birth of sages, followed by the teaching, at any time to save the fraud, because of the use of material. "As for other ethnic groups outside of China, "its land deviation, its stem, does not give birth to saints, Mo GE old wind, the instructions can not be, more than the courtesy of justice."Under the guidance of this thought, it is difficult for traditional historians to describe the surrounding nationalities objectively or justly.Since modern times, under the stimulation of internal and external troubles, the research and writing of national history has been paid more and more attention by scholars.Especially in the twenties and thirties of the 20th century, with the introduction of theories and methods of modern western ethnology, anthropology and sociology, a large number of scholars began to engage in the research of national history.Wang Guowei, Liang Qichao advocated before, Li Ji, Wang Tongling, Lu Simian, Lin Huixiang and others were followed.At one time, Chinese historiography produced a large number of national history works with modern academic paradigm significance.Based on modern ethnological theory, these works sweep the pattern of "four Yi Zhuan" in the traditional official history, and rewrite the national history of China and its surrounding areas in different historical periods systematically with a new vision and new methods.It reveals the development situation of the major nationalities and the convention of cultural integration in China.It was under their efforts that a new discipline with rich content and complete system, the history of Chinese nationality, was established.Based on the study of Chinese national history published in the twenties and thirties of the 20th century, this paper focuses on the academic background, the process of development, and the theories of various parties in this period from the perspective of the history of historiography.Academic achievements and their characteristics are discussed.The full text is divided into three parts:The first part is "the rise and development of the study of Chinese national history", which combines the discussion of the academic background and development process of the rise of the study of Chinese national history.This paper tries to outline the development process and overall situation of the study of Chinese national history in this period.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：K28

【引证文献】