从国际视野看丝路青海道的演变

发布时间：2018-05-13 18:29

本文选题：历史交通地理 + 青海道　；参考：《青海民族研究》2012年03期

【摘要】：卡约文化时期,北方草原之路支线已深入青海境内。公元前6世纪至公元前3世纪中期,波斯帝国、亚历山大帝国、赛琉古王国对促进欧、亚、非三大洲世界性交往做出过杰出贡献。前3世纪中期至前2世纪末,中亚希腊化国家巴克特里亚(大夏)可能已通过青海道与中国贸易往来。公元前3世纪至公元3世纪初,罗马帝国、安息帝国与汉帝国的崛起促使了丝绸之路的畅通,但汉政府"隔绝羌胡"的政策使青海道失去了国际通道的功能。公元3世纪初至7世纪初,由于萨珊波斯的经营与中国各政权的重视,联系中国与中亚、西亚的交通大道"丝绸之路"仍畅通无阻。4至6世纪,在吐谷浑的经营下,青海道成为中国南北与域外联系的最重要的国际通道。7世纪至9世纪中期,阿拉伯帝国、吐蕃帝国与大唐帝国的崛起使横跨欧亚大陆的丝绸之路极度繁荣。这时在吐蕃的控制下,青海道在连接中国南北与西域、中亚乃至西亚的交通中仍然发挥着重要作用。9世纪末至13世纪初期,由于大国崩溃、小国林立,丝路东西两段俱走向衰落。不过北宋时期,青海凭借地缘优势,仍为沟通西域与中原的重要的国际通道。13世纪初期至15世纪初,在丝绸之路一度复兴的背景下,青海道地位下降,但仍为中西往来的通道。15世纪以后,由于丝路东西段沿线均战乱不已,青海道随整个丝绸之路的衰落而衰落。
[Abstract]:In the period of Kayo culture, the northern grassland road branch has penetrated into Qinghai. From the 6th century BC to the middle of the 3rd century BC, the Persian Empire, the Alexander Empire and the Seleucus Kingdom made outstanding contributions to the promotion of three continents, Europe, Asia and Africa. From the middle of the first three centuries to the end of the first two centuries, the Greek state of Central Asia, Bakht (Great Summer), may have traded with China through Qinghai Road. From the 3rd century BC to the beginning of the 3rd century AD, the rise of the Roman Empire, the rest Empire and the Han Empire promoted the smooth passage of the Silk Road, but the Han government's policy of "isolating Qiang Hu" made the Qinghai Road lose its function as an international channel. From the beginning of the 3rd century to the beginning of the 7th century, due to the operation of Susanpos and the importance attached to China and Central Asia, the Silk Road, the main road of transportation in West Asia, remained unobstructed from the beginning of the third century to the beginning of the 7th century. Qinghai Dao became the most important international channel between North and South of China and outside China. From the 7th century to the middle of the 9th century, the rise of Arab Empire, Tubo Empire and Tang Dynasty made the Silk Road across Eurasia extremely prosperous. At this time, under the control of Tubo, the Qinghai Road still played an important role in the traffic between the north and south of China and the western regions, Central Asia and even Western Asia. From the end of the 9th century to the early 13th century, the great powers collapsed and the small countries were crowded. Both the east and the west of the Silk Road are on the decline. However, during the Northern Song Dynasty, Qinghai, by virtue of its geographical advantages, was still an important international channel between the Western region and the Central Plains. From the beginning of the 13th century to the beginning of the 15th century, under the background of the revival of the Silk Road, the status of Qinghai Road declined. However, after the 15th century, the Qinghai Road declined with the decline of the Silk Road.
【作者单位】：天水师范学院;
【基金】：教育部青年社科基金项目的阶段性成果,批准号:10YJC770075
【分类号】：K29

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