近代四川乡村手工业的变迁及其历史作用（1891—1937年）

发布时间：2018-06-02 20:20

本文选题：近代四川 + 乡村手工业　；参考：《华中师范大学》2006年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文从马克思主义手工业史和资本主义世界市场理论出发,并借鉴区域经济学、发展经济学等相关学科的理论方法,从近代(1891—1937年)四川的社会经济入手,探讨剖析该地区乡村手工业的近代转型及其历史作用。本文认为,四川特殊的生态环境,商品经济的早期发展和商品市场的初步发育、国外市场的建立、地方政府及有识之士的倡导为四川手工业的近代转型提供了市场、资本、技术等方面的条件。本文认为四川手工业的近代转型主要表现为行业发展的多变化、经营方式的多元化、销售市场的多极化及商人职能的扩大化。尽管四川手工业的发展有着市场、资本、技术等多方面的便利条件,但是各个行业的发展却是不平衡的,因为国外市场一方面为手工业的发展提供了新的契机,但是另一方面随着国内市场的被迫开放,四川也成为了外国商品倾销的场地。面对这些蜂涌而至的近代工业品,不同的行业有着不同的命运,再加上各行业在生产工具及技术改进上的差异,最终就表现出行业的多变化。有的行业逐渐衰落、有的更加兴旺、有的持续发展、还有的新兴行业迅速崛起;在生产组织形式上,自给自足的家庭手工业、以交换为主的家庭手工业、商业资本支配下的家庭手工业及工场手工业同时存在,形成了四种经营方式并存的局面;随着市场的扩大,手工业品的流通不再局限于区域内市场,而是向区域外市场甚至是国际市场延伸,从而形成了销售市场多极化的现象,也就是出现了产地市场、集散市场和出口市场三级市场联为一体的局面;为满足新形势下不断扩大的进出口贸易的发展,因而涌现出了以重庆为中心的一大批从事进出口贸易并在不同程度上充当洋行买办的巨商大贾,他们一方面经营钱庄业务,拥有雄厚的周转资金,另一方面又把这些雄厚的资金投资于四川的进出口贸易,因此也为四川手工业的发展创造了条件。同时,一些中小商人也在四川手工业的转型中发挥着重要的作用。近代四川乡村手工业的变迁不仅引起传统手工业内部结构的变化,而且也给近代四川的城乡经济带来了一定的影响。首先是对农村经济的影响,近代乡村手工业的发展不仅促进了农村商品经济的发展和经济结构的变迁,还增加了农民的收入。其次是促进农村集镇的发展,随着商品经济的发展,四川农村集市的发展十分引人注目,不仅数量上发展惊人,而且还出现了不少专门性的集市。集镇的发展根据其
[Abstract]:Starting with the Marx handicraft industry history and the capitalist world market theory, and drawing on the theoretical methods of regional economics and development economics, this paper, starting with the social economy of Sichuan in modern times (1891 to 1937), probes into the transition and historical role of the rural handicraft industry in this region. This article holds that Sichuan is special. The ecological environment, the early development of the commodity economy and the preliminary development of the commodity market, the establishment of the foreign market and the advocacy of the local government and the people of insight provided the conditions for the modern transformation of Sichuan handicraft industry, such as market, capital, technology and so on.
This paper holds that the modern transformation of Sichuan handicraft industry is mainly manifested in many changes in industry development, diversification of business mode, multi polarization of the sales market and the expansion of business functions. Although the development of Sichuan handicraft industry has many facilitation conditions, such as market, capital and technology, the development of various industries is not balanced, because the country is not balanced. On the one hand, the external market provides a new opportunity for the development of the handicraft industry, but on the other hand, with the forced opening of the domestic market, Sichuan has also become the site of the dumping of foreign goods. Facing these modern industrial products, different industries have different destinies, and the differences in the production tools and technical improvements of various industries. In the end, there are many changes in the industry. Some industries gradually decline, some become more prosperous, some continue to develop, and the emerging industries rise rapidly; in the form of production organization, the self-sufficient family handicraft industry, the exchange based family handicraft industry, the family handicraft industry and the handicraft industry under the control of commercial capital exist simultaneously. With the expansion of the market, with the expansion of the market, the circulation of the handicraft products is no longer limited to the market in the region, but is extended to the outside market and even the international market, thus forming the phenomenon of multi polarization in the sales market, that is, the market of origin, the distribution market and the three markets of the export market are combined together. In order to meet the development of the expanding import and export trade under the new situation, a large number of large merchants, which are engaged in import and export trade and act as comprador in different degrees, have emerged as the center of Chongqing. On the one hand, they operate the business of the money and the banks, have a strong turnover fund, and on the other hand, invest these abundant funds. The import and export trade in Sichuan has also created conditions for the development of the handicraft industry in Sichuan. At the same time, some small and medium-sized merchants also play an important role in the transformation of Sichuan handicraft industry.
The change of the handicraft industry in modern Sichuan not only caused the change of the internal structure of the traditional handicraft industry, but also brought some influence to the urban and rural economy of modern Sichuan. First, the influence on the rural economy. The development of modern rural handicraft industry not only promoted the development of rural commodity economy and the change of economic structure, but also increased the farmers. The second is to promote the development of rural towns. With the development of the commodity economy, the development of the rural bazaar in Sichuan is very striking. Not only the development of the rural market is astonishing, but also a lot of special markets. The development of the market towns is based on the development of the market market.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：K29;F429;K25

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