元明时期鄂尔多斯高原民族地理研究

发布时间：2018-06-02 20:21

本文选题：元代 + 明代　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：元明时期,鄂尔多斯高原各民族经历较大的变迁过程。这一时期,先后有蒙古、汉、回及其他民族活跃于高原之上。本文以元明时期的鄂尔多斯高原为研究范围,分三个时间段探讨高原上各民族的分布与变迁过程。全文共分五个部分,第一部分介绍课题研究的意义、方法,并对前人的研究成果进行总结及评述。第二部分主要阐述元朝建立以前至元末鄂尔多斯高原各民族政权的分布。通过夏、金政权在鄂尔多斯高原的界限判断党项、女真两个民族分布的大致范围。此后,由于蒙古骑兵南下,夏、金政权灭亡,蒙古族开始进入鄂尔多斯高原。元朝建立后,元政府通过军事驻防、移民屯田及畜牧,大量蒙古族、汉族及其他民族进入鄂尔多斯高原,在该地区形成民族迁徙的浪潮。第三部分论述明朝洪武至景泰时期鄂尔多斯高原民族地理概况。随着明朝军队的北上,元朝势力退出鄂尔多斯高原,蒙古族呈现大规模向北迁出、汉族人口由南迁入的特征。明前期以阴山一线为明朝北部防线,但在大批蒙古军民归附的情况下,鄂尔多斯高原的南部、西部仍然分布数量可观的蒙古族。跟随汉族一起迁入鄂尔多斯高原者,还有元代逐渐形成的回族人口,但回族相对较少,主要集中于高原西部的宁夏地区。本文主要以现存清真寺的地理位置推断回族人口的分布。总体来说,明朝前期的鄂尔多斯高原民族分布与变迁是由于明军统一战争引起的,随着政局的稳定,大规模的汉族人口被迁入,形成了以汉族为主体的民族格局。第四部分,明朝中后期,由于明政府放弃战略要地东胜卫,蒙古牧骑开始越过黄河重新进入鄂尔多斯高原。此后,明政府放弃对鄂尔多斯高原大部地区的控制,在高原南部构建边墙作为防御工程。因此,延绥与宁夏两镇边墙成为区分蒙古族与汉族及其他民族在鄂尔多斯高原分布的一条明显界限。在边墙以北的蒙古族经历了各部落的争夺与迁徙。最终,经历百年发展迁徙的鄂尔多斯部驻牧于高原,并再未离开。在蒙、汉两个民族争战迁徙的同时,回族逐渐发展壮大。但由于文献记载只有寥寥数语,不利于鄂尔多斯高原回族地理分布的研究,只能作大体的推断。最后,对各个时段民族地理概况进行特征、因素及影响分析,深入理解研究区域内各民族的分布及变迁。
[Abstract]:During the Yuan and Ming dynasties, the nationalities in Ordos Plateau experienced a great process of change. In this period, Mongolia, Han, Hui and other nationalities were active on the plateau. In this paper, the Ordos Plateau in the Yuan and Ming dynasties is taken as the research scope, and the distribution and vicissitude process of the nationalities on the Plateau are discussed in three periods. This paper is divided into five parts. The first part introduces the significance and methods of the research, and summarizes and comments on the previous research results. The second part mainly expounds the distribution of political power in the Ordos Plateau from the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty to the end of the Yuan Dynasty. In summer, the Jin regime judged the distribution of the two nationalities in the Ordos Plateau. After that, due to Mongolian cavalry south, summer, the fall of the gold regime, Mongols began to enter the Ordos plateau. After the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, the Yuan government entered the Ordos Plateau through military garrison, resettlement of land and livestock, a large number of Mongolian, Han and other nationalities, and formed a wave of ethnic migration in this area. The third part discusses the ethnic geography of Ordos Plateau from Hongwu to Jingtai in Ming Dynasty. With the Ming army moving northward, the Yuan Dynasty forces withdrew from the Ordos Plateau, the Mongolian people moved northward in a large scale, and the Han nationality moved in from the south. In the early Ming Dynasty, the line of Yinshan was regarded as the northern line of defense in Ming Dynasty, but in the case of large numbers of Mongolian soldiers and civilians, the southern and western parts of the Ordos Plateau still had a considerable number of Mongolians. Those who moved to Ordos Plateau with the Han nationality, and the Hui people gradually formed in Yuan Dynasty, but the Hui nationality is relatively few, mainly concentrated in Ningxia region in the western part of the plateau. This paper inferred the distribution of the Hui population from the geographical location of the existing mosques. In general, the distribution and changes of the ethnic groups in the Ordos Plateau in the early Ming Dynasty were caused by the unification war of the Ming army. With the stability of the political situation, the large-scale Han population was moved in, forming a national pattern with the Han nationality as the main body. In the fourth part, in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, because the Ming government gave up the strategic land Dongsheng Wei, Mongolia pastoral riding began to cross the Yellow River and re-enter the Ordos Plateau. Since then, the Ming government has relinquished control of much of the Ordos Plateau and built sidewalls in the southern part of the plateau as a defense project. Therefore, Yansui and Ningxia two towns wall become a clear boundary to distinguish Mongolian, Han and other nationalities in Ordos Plateau. To the north of the wall, the Mongols experienced the struggle and migration of various tribes. Finally, after a hundred years of development and migration, Ordos ministry grazing in the plateau, and never left. At the same time, the Hui nationality gradually developed and strengthened as the Mongolian and Han ethnic groups fought and migrated. However, only a few words are recorded in the literature, which is not conducive to the study of the geographical distribution of the Hui nationality in the Ordos Plateau. Finally, this paper analyzes the characteristics, factors and influences of the national geography in each period, and deeply understands the distribution and changes of the ethnic groups in the study area.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K28

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