上海房客团体研究（1921-1937）

发布时间：2018-06-06 05:00

本文选题：上海 + 房客团体　；参考：《华中师范大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 上海开埠以来,房地产市场逐渐走向近代化,其最敏感、最活跃的部分当属租赁市场。每当遇到战争或经济危机等非常态因素刺激,上海房屋租金即呈现上下剧烈波动之势。1921年至1937年,上海地区加租与减租风潮不断,房东与房客之间房屋租赁纠纷几乎达到不可调和的程度。为与房东展开交涉,房客联合会等一批房客团体迅速出现于上海的里弄、街区之中。本文即是对1920-30年代上海房客团体在解决房屋租赁纠纷的过程中所扮演的角色进行分析。房地产业作为一种新兴的行业在近代上海逐渐兴旺发达起来,与此同时,里弄民居的大量兴建,能够满足不同居住对象的要求。房客群体的形成,正是上海房地产租赁市场兴起与里弄住宅不断兴建的产物。房客团体在组织形式上采取颇具现代性质的理事制和科层制,其领导层大多拥有中下等商人的背景以及在其他社会团体中担任职务,经费筹集以领导层的垫付为主,导致其常常面临经费短缺的窘境。概而言之,房客团体是中下层商人领导,以上海市民为主体,在组织形式上采取理事制和科层制,自主筹集经费的具有现代社团性质的社会团体。房客团体成立后的首要任务即为解决房屋租赁纠纷,维护房客群体的正当权益。其面对的主要问题有:房屋加租纠纷、房屋减租纠纷、战区免租问题、阳历收租问题、不合理的房租的取缔问题。房客团体为调和纠纷,解决矛盾,做出了很大的努力,取得一定的成绩。但在解决房租纠纷的过程中所采取的措施也有值得商榷之处,使得其活动的效果大打折扣。房客团体在运转的过程中,外部联系也是影响其功能正常发挥的重要因素。房客团体在与中外当局的交往中充当着多重角色,它们既要得到中外当局的承认,又要在解决房租纠纷的过程中依赖它们制定相关的政策,甚至不知不觉中陷入几方的纷争中。房客团体处理与其他社会团体的关系之时,采取种种方式希望得到他们的支持,一旦出现反对的声音,房客团体也会予以反驳,维护房客的正当权益。在房客团体的评价问题上,本文认为我们既要看到房客团体取得的成绩,又要看到房客团体本身的局限性,还要顾及房客团体面临的巨大困难。同时本文还认为房客团体及其下属的房客联合会是典型的城市基层社会自治组织,在加强邻里关系,加速“上海人”的融合方面起到不容忽视的作用。
[Abstract]:Since the opening of Shanghai, the real estate market has gradually moved towards modernization, the most sensitive and active part of which is the rental market. When confronted with abnormal factors such as war or economic crisis, housing rents in Shanghai fluctuate sharply up and down. From 1921 to 1937, rent increases and rent reductions continued in Shanghai. The tenancy dispute between landlord and tenant was almost irreconcilable. In a bid to negotiate with landlords, a group of tenant groups, such as the tenants' Federation, quickly appeared in Lilong, Shanghai, in the neighborhood. This paper analyzes the role played by Shanghai tenant groups in the process of resolving housing rental disputes in 1920s and 1930s. The real estate industry, as a new industry, gradually flourished in Shanghai in modern times. At the same time, the construction of a large number of houses in Lilong can meet the requirements of different living objects. The formation of the tenant group is the result of the rise of Shanghai real estate rental market and the continuous construction of Lilong residence. Tenants' groups adopt a modern governing and branch system in their organizational form. Most of their leaders have the background of middle and lower class businessmen and hold positions in other social groups, and their funding is mainly based on leadership advances. It often faces a shortage of funds. In a word, the tenant group is the middle and lower class businessman's leadership, takes the Shanghai citizen as the main body, adopts the director system and the branch system in the organization form, independently raises funds has the modern association nature social organization. The primary task of the tenant group is to solve the housing lease dispute and to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the tenant group. The main problems are: housing rent increase dispute, house rent reduction dispute, war zone rent-free problem, solar calendar rent collection problem, unreasonable rent ban problem. Tenant groups made great efforts to reconcile disputes and resolve contradictions, and made certain achievements. However, the measures taken in the process of resolving the rent dispute are debatable, and the effect of its activities is greatly diminished. In the process of operation of tenant group, external contact is also an important factor affecting the normal performance of its function. Tenant groups play many roles in the communication with Chinese and foreign authorities. They should not only be recognized by Chinese and foreign authorities, but also rely on them to make relevant policies in the process of resolving rent disputes, and even fall into disputes between several parties unconsciously. When the tenant group deals with the relationship with other social organizations, it hopes to get their support in various ways. Once there is a voice of opposition, the tenant group will also refute and defend the legitimate rights and interests of the tenant. On the evaluation of tenants' groups, this paper holds that we should not only see the achievements of tenants' groups, but also the limitations of tenants' groups, and also take into account the great difficulties that tenants' groups face. At the same time, this paper also holds that the tenant group and its affiliated tenant federation are typical urban grass-roots social autonomous organizations, which play an important role in strengthening the neighborhood relationship and accelerating the integration of "Shanghai people".
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K295.1

【引证文献】