对《湖南通志》等地方志中有关清代灾荒及荒政记载的研究

发布时间：2018-06-10 00:14

本文选题：湖南通志 + 地方志　；参考：《湖南科技大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 湖南现存建国前出版的地方志400多种,百分之九十以上为清代所修,当中保存了大量灾荒史资料。本文以被誉为“湖南百科全书”的光绪《湖南通志》为主要对象,辅以其他方志,研究清代湖南的灾荒与荒政。综观《湖南通志》与各地方志,跟灾荒相关的篇目主要散布在《祥异》、《水利》、《堤防》、《塘堰》、《仓储》、《诏谕》、《名宦》、《人物》等部分,虽然不很集中,但通过总体分析我们还是能概括其全貌。清代湖南以水旱自然灾害为主,且较为频繁,破坏巨大。清廷通过完善地方行政机构与立法,加强对地方赈济事务的管理;地方政府一方面建仓储粮、兴修水利、植树造林、扩种抗灾能力强的粮食作物预防灾害,另一方面采用赈济、调粟、养恤和蠲缓等补救措施,在一定程度上减少了自然灾害给湖南社会造成的损失。方志对灾荒的记载不仅具有稳定性、连续性、时代性等特点,且叙述精细,特别是大量灾荒诗的采用,加强其文学色彩,具有可读性。与其他史料一样,《湖南通志》等地方志也存在着真伪繁简等诸多问题,在内容上沿袭旧志,缺少考据,褒多贬少,甚至充斥讹误。通过对《湖南通志》与《龙阳县志》有关顺治到同治二百年间发生在龙阳地区的水灾记载的横向对比及《湖南通志》与各地方志就“己酉奇荒”记载的纵向对比,发现记载差异的主要原因是受认识论及编纂时间、社会背景、编修经费等诸多因素的制约,同时也因统治需要,往往打上强烈的主观烙印。这就要求我们在利用地方志进行灾荒史研究的过程中,一定要注意去粗取精、去伪存真,完成研究资料的初步收集、整理工作。不能拘泥于文献记录提供的表面现象,而应透彻了解地方志的性质及其相互关系等诸方面,辨析各类文献资料的详略优劣及可靠性,从而更好为灾荒研究服务。当然,尽管地方志存在一定的不足,但其仍然是迄今为止,研究古代湖南灾荒中最为系统、详尽且权威的地方性史料之一,不仅展现了湖南地区灾荒及荒政的特殊性,同时也传承了古代救荒的思想和理念,是我们从事灾荒研究不可或缺的资料。
[Abstract]:There are more than 400 kinds of local chronicles published before the founding of the people's Republic of Hunan, over 90% of which were revised in the Qing Dynasty, among which a large number of historical materials of famine were preserved. This paper focuses on Hunan Tongzhi, which is called "Hunan Encyclopedia", and studies the famine and famine of Hunan in Qing Dynasty. Looking at the "Hunan Tongzhi" and the local records, the articles related to the famine are mainly scattered in the parts of "Xiangyi", "Water Conservancy", "dyke", "Tangyan", "warehousing", "oracle", "famous officials", "people", and so on, although they are not very concentrated. But through the overall analysis, we can still generalize the whole picture. In Qing Dynasty, the main natural disasters in Hunan were flood and drought, and the damage was huge. The Qing government strengthened the management of local relief affairs by perfecting local administrative organs and legislating. On the one hand, local governments built warehouses for grain storage, built water conservancy, planted trees and planted trees, and expanded food crops with strong disaster resistance to prevent disasters, on the other hand, they adopted relief. Some remedial measures, such as adjusting millet, pension and relief, to some extent reduce the losses caused by natural disasters to Hunan society. The records of local records of famine not only have the characteristics of stability, continuity and epoch, but also elaborate narration, especially the adoption of a large number of famine poems, so as to strengthen their literary color. Like other historical materials, there are many problems in local chronicles such as "Hunan Tongzhi" and so on. It follows the old records in content, lacks textual research, criticizes them more than criticizes them, and even is full of errors. By comparing Hunan Tongzhi and Longyang County Records about the flood records that occurred in Longyang area during the 200 years from Shunzhi to Tongzhi, and the longitudinal comparison between Hunan Tongzhi and the local chronicles on "Qiguo Qiaowan", The main reason for finding the difference in record is that it is restricted by many factors such as epistemology, compilation time, social background, editing funds and so on. At the same time, it is often marked with strong subjective imprint because of the need of rule. This requires that in the course of studying the history of famine by using local records, we must pay attention to the removal of crude and false facts, and complete the preliminary collection and collation of research materials. We should not stick to the superficial phenomena provided by the documentary records, but should have a thorough understanding of the nature of the local chronicles and their mutual relations, and distinguish the details, advantages, disadvantages and reliability of all kinds of documents and materials, so as to better serve the study of famine. Although there are some shortcomings in local chronicles, it is still one of the most systematic, detailed and authoritative local historical materials in the study of famine in ancient Hunan, which not only shows the particularity of famine and famine administration in Hunan. At the same time, it also inherits the ideas and ideas of ancient famine relief, which is an indispensable material for our research on famine.
【学位授予单位】：湖南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K29

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