天津漕运研究（1368～1840）

发布时间：2018-06-20 14:41

本文选题：明清时期 + 天津　；参考：《南开大学》2009年博士论文

【摘要】：明清时期,政治、经济重心相分离,京师皇室、百官及军士所需粮饷完全依赖从南方运送至京师的漕粮,漕粮是明清两朝赖以存在的经济基础。把漕粮从江南输送到京师,依靠的是南起杭州北至京师的京杭运河,而在数千里的运河上,天津地区的运河处于上达京通、下接江淮的枢纽地位,每年数万只漕船和数百万石漕粮由此经过,并且还有大量漕粮在此截存,因此天津是明清时期整个漕运过程的关键环节所在,在明清漕运史上占有举足轻重的地位,漕运也成为影响明清时期天津城市发展的重要因素之一。本文试图对明清时期天津的漕运情况作一全面而详尽的探讨。本文分为八章,加上绪论和结语共十部分。绪论的主要内容是对前人研究进行回顾,并对本文的选题依据、研究范围及其他有关问题加以说明。第一章,以明清时期天津地区漕运的基本条件——南北运河为考察对象,重点介绍南北运河的水源及管理问题。指出南运河以卫河为主水源,北运河以白河为主水源,同时还各有众多其它水源;天津南北运河设有各级官员进行管理,而具体的维修任务则由沿运河设置的浅铺及夫役来承担。第二章,仍以明清时期天津地区漕运的基本条件——南北运河为考察对象,重点对南北运河之河道疏浚和堤岸维修以及维修费用进行了探讨,并对明清时期蓟运河的开通和维修加以论述。第三章,以明清时期经由天津和截留于天津的漕粮为考察对象,分别对两者进行数量的统计和分析,并对明清时期在天津截留漕粮的主要原因进行研究,指出这些原因包括漕船迟至、恐误回空,北河不畅、有碍通行以及预备赈济和筹措军饷等。第四章,继续以截留于天津的漕粮为考察对象,主要论述截留在天津之漕粮的存储仓廒及最终去向,即转运京通仓、用于赈济、充作军饷,另外,还有少数充作它用;最后,还对明清蓟运粮的沿革进行了探讨。第五章,以明清时期漕运人员为考察对象,主要论述他们在天津地区作奸犯科的情况,包括旗丁对漕粮的盗卖掺和、水手和纤夫的沿途扰害以及漕运官丁夹带私盐等。另外,还对明清政府针对这些弊行所制定的相关制度进行分析。第六章,主要论述明清漕船在天津出现的各种特殊问题,包括漕船催攒、漕粮冻阻、漕粮漂流、漕粮挂欠等,以及明清政府应对上述问题采取的各种措施。第七章,以漕粮海运为考察对象,主要论述明清时期在以内河运输漕粮为主的情况下,海运间或被实行的状况,其中重点介绍清朝道光六年实行海运的情况,从而以见一斑。第八章,主要论述明清时期漕运对天津各方面的影响。指出明清时期天津的商业、人口、民生、语言、信仰、文学等方面,在漕运的影响下,都发生了极大的变化。可以说没有漕运,就没有其时天津的飞快成长。因此,漕运在天津城市成长的历史长河中具有不可磨灭的贡献。结语以简练的语句对全文主要内容进行总结,以予读者清晰的印象。
[Abstract]:During the Ming and Qing Dynasties , the political and economic center of gravity separated , and the rates of the imperial palace , the Baiguan and the sergeant of the capital were completely dependent on the grain of grain from the south to the Beijing Normal University . The grain was the key link of the whole water transportation process in the Ming and Qing Dynasties .

This article is divided into eight chapters , plus the introduction theory and the conclusion of ten parts .

The main content of the introduction is to review the previous studies , and to illustrate the basis , scope of research and other related issues in this paper .

The first chapter introduces the water resources and management problems of the North - South Canal in the Ming and Qing Dynasties . It points out that the south canal is the main water source , the North Canal is the main water source of the Baihe River , and there are many other water sources . At the same time , there are many other water sources in the north - south canal of Tianjin , while the specific maintenance tasks are borne by the shallow paving and husband service along the canal .

In chapter 2 , the basic condition of water transport in Tianjin area is still in the Ming and Qing Dynasties . This paper discusses the river dredging and bank maintenance and maintenance cost of the North - South Canal , and discusses the opening and maintenance of the thrips canal in the Ming and Qing Dynasties .

The third chapter , in the Ming and Qing Dynasties , through Tianjin and cut - off in Tianjin as the research object , the quantity statistics and analysis of the two , and the main reasons for the interception of the grain in Tianjin during the Ming and Qing Dynasties , pointed out that these reasons include the late arrival of the Cao vessel , the fear of false return , the obstruction of the North River , the obstruction of traffic and the preparation of relief and the financing of the rates .

In the fourth chapter , we continue to study the grain depot in Tianjin as the object of investigation , and mainly discuss the storage bin of the grain in Tianjin and the final heading , namely , the transfer of Jingtong bin , which can be used to relieve the relief , pay for the rate , and a small minority to use it ; and finally , it also discusses the evolution of the grain of the artichoke in Ming and Qing Dynasty .

In the fifth chapter , in the Ming and Qing Dynasties , the transport personnel in the Ming and Qing Dynasties as the object of investigation , mainly discussed their crimes in the Tianjin area , including the flag Ding ' s illegal sale of the grain and the road disturbance of the sailor and man , as well as the entrapment of the private salt of the water transport officer , etc . The relevant system of the government in the Ming and Qing Dynasty was also analyzed .

The sixth chapter mainly deals with the special problems of the Ming and Qing Cao ships in Tianjin , including the rush - up of Cao - ship , the grain - freezing resistance , the water - grain drift , the water - grain shortage and so on , as well as the various measures taken by the government to deal with the above - mentioned problems .

Chapter 7 , taking the sea transportation as the object of investigation , mainly discusses the situation of sea transportation or being carried out during the Ming and Qing Dynasties in the case of the transportation of the grain in the inland river , with the emphasis on the situation of carrying out maritime transport for six years in the Qing Dynasty , so as to see a spot .

Chapter 8 mainly deals with the influence of water transport on all aspects of Tianjin during the Ming and Qing Dynasties . It is pointed out that the commercial , population , livelihood , language , belief and literature of Tianjin have changed greatly under the influence of water transport in the Ming and Qing Dynasties .

The conclusion is to summarize the main contents of the whole text in a concise statement , so as to give readers a clear impression .
【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：F512.9;K29

【引证文献】