桂西壮族与西双版纳傣族封建领主制比较研究

发布时间：2018-06-20 15:19

本文选题：壮族 + 傣族　；参考：《中央民族大学》2007年博士论文

【摘要】： 20世纪80年代以来，对广西西部地区壮族和云南西双版纳傣族社会历史和文化的研究一直是学术界研究的热点，内容涉及这两个民族社会历史发展的诸多方面，成果很多。本文是针对广西西部壮族和云南西双版纳傣族的封建领主制度作对比研究。文章共分为五章。第一章论述了桂西壮族与西双版纳傣族封建领主制的发展概况。此章分三节阐述了桂西壮族和西双版纳傣族地区的自然地理情况，并着重分析了两地封建领主制度的萌芽、发展成熟和消亡的过程，对影响这个过程的客观原因作了简要的说明。第二章至第四章的内容从桂西壮族和西双版纳傣族封建领主制度下的政治制度、等级制度、政权组织、经济体制、宗教制度等方面对二者的封建领主制度进行比较，是本文的重点所在。第二章从二者封建领主制的政治制度、等级制度、政权组织和法律制度等几个涉及封建领主制度政治要素的主要方面进行论述和比较，试图通过对封建领主制的上层建筑诸方面的分析来比较封建领主制度的异同，并对这种异同作了原因分析。第三章对桂西壮族和西双版纳傣族封建领主制存在的经济体制进行比较，从土地制度、封建地租与特权剥削等方面剖析二者之间的异同，指出在同一种政治制度下，两地经济体制的差异性的存在是两地封建领主制度发展历程不一致性之根本所在。宗教在二者社会历史发展过程中，虽然不是起决定性作用，但对封建领主制度的发展有着深刻的影响，尤其在西双版纳傣族地区最为突出。第四章概述了桂西壮族和西双版纳傣族封建领主制下的宗教信仰情况，并对宗教制度进行了比较，辩证地分析了宗教在封建领主制社会中的作用，认为：宗教在社会发展过程中有两面性，既要看到宗教存在的消极作用，也不能忽视宗教在推动社会发展过程中的积极作用及其存在的可行性。第五章为本文的总结论述部分，通过前文各章节对二者诸多方面的异同点分析与比较，指出社会形态在社会历史发展过程中的不一致性可抽象为上层建筑与经济基础的不一致性，这种不一致性会在社会历史发展的过程中进行不同程度地调节，使之趋于一致。具体到桂西壮族地区和西双版纳傣族地区，则是因其历史发展条件差异而导致在封建领主制下又存在着各种差异。首先，二者的封建领主制度存续多年与其所在的地理位置有着密不可分的关系，而两地自然条件差异造成封建领主制发展不同，桂西的土地比西双版纳相对贫瘠，社会生产力的低下，封建领主剥削重，农民反抗意识强，社会矛盾更易激化，因而更容易从内部促进发生社会变革，从而加快封建领主制的消亡；而西双版纳傣族地区则是因为具备了较为优越的自然条件和丰富的可耕种资源，虽是广种薄收，但也不影响农民的生活质量，农民生活富庶而安逸，加之封建领主剥削的隐蔽性，封建领主与农民之间的阶级矛盾不是很尖锐，封建领主的统治得以长期稳固地发展。再者，两地地理交通差异导致外来经济与文化对封建领主制的冲击不同，进而导致桂西壮族和西双版纳傣族封建领主制发展情况不同。桂西左、右江沿岸水运交通发达，自古便是大西南地区通往广东和东南亚地区的重要交通枢纽，宋朝至明清年间，桂西地区外来移民进入的人数不断增加，加之明清之际粤商西进之影响，桂西社会经济和文化受到外来冲击远比西双版纳强，地主经济得以更广泛地在桂西地区的发展，造成封建领主制度的冲击和消亡，而西双版纳却正好相反，交通不便利致使封建领主制得以长期较为稳固地保存和发展。其次，外力的作用对封建领主制的影响也不容忽视。西双版纳位于西南边陲，历史上是外敌入侵的要冲，多次经受外敌入侵，长期的战乱，使西双版纳遭受了严重的创伤，极大地阻碍了社会经济的向前发展，造成西双版纳傣族社会长期停滞在封建领主制阶段。同时，封建领主对当地土民之间的矛盾也因这些外国势力入侵和封建土司举全力对外作战而得到一次次转移和缓解，客观上支持了封建领主制度的存在和发展。而桂西地区由于便利交通带来的商品经济贸易、鸦片种植与贸易的发达也在一定程度上促进了社会的向前发展，给封建地主制经济以发展的空间，，导致了桂西地区封建领主制的消亡。第三，不同的民族心理特征对于外来经济文化的接受度不同，也对两地封建领主制发展的差异有一定的影响。壮族是个开放而宽容的民族，对外来文化是一种包容的态度，更容易促使社会的变革和发展。西双版纳自然地理条件优越，让人安于现状，排斥外来的经济与文化，社会发展缓慢，导致西双版纳傣族社会长期处于封建领主制的发展阶段。总之，全文通过论述桂西壮族和西双版纳傣族宋代至解放初期封建领主制萌芽、形成、发展、衰亡的发展历程，通过比较的研究方法，比较桂西壮族和西双版纳傣族两个相近似的民族地区在封建领主制这一社会形态中的异同和形成这种异同的内在因素，冀此来认识两个民族社会发展进程中所经历的共同规律，发现这两个民族各自经历的特殊历程。这为丰富壮族和傣族封建社会形态研究的领域，弥补民族研究的不足，探索南方民族社会发展的规律，为壮傣族社会的发展服务提供参考借鉴；同时，这对于进一步把握南方少数民族地区政治、经济、文化等发展规律，充分发挥边境区域经济的区位优势、规避劣势，加快和推进西部大开发的进程以及泛东南亚区域经济发展提供一定的现实借鉴。
[Abstract]:Since 1980s, the study of the social history and culture of the Zhuang people in Western Guangxi and the Dai nationality in Yunnan Xishuangbanna has been a hot topic in the academic circle. The content involves many aspects of the social and historical development of the two ethnic groups and many achievements. This article is based on the feudal lord system of the Zhuang people in Western Guangxi and the Dai people of Xishuangbanna in Yunnan. Comparative study.
The article is divided into five chapters.
The first chapter expounds the general situation of the development of the feudal lord of the Zhuang and Dai people in Western Guangxi and the Dai nationality in Xishuangbanna. This chapter expounds the natural and geographical conditions of the Zhuang and Xishuangbanna Dai areas in three sections, and emphasizes the analysis of the process of the germination of the feudal lord of the two lands, the development of the mature and the demise of the feudal lords, and the objective reasons for the process. The explanation.
The content of the second chapters to the fourth chapter is the focus of this article from the political system of the Zhuang and the Dai feudal lord of Xishuangbanna, the hierarchy, the organization, the economic system, the religious system and so on. The second chapter is from the political system, the hierarchy system and the political power system of the two feudal lords. The main aspects of the political elements of the feudal lord system, such as the organization and the legal system, are discussed and compared, and the similarities and differences of the feudal lord system are compared through the analysis of the superstructure of feudal lords, and the reasons for such similarities and differences are analyzed.
The third chapter compares the economic system between the Zhuang people of Guangxi and the feudal lord of the Dai people in Xishuangbanna, and analyzes the similarities and differences between the two parties from the land system, the feudal land rent and the privileged exploitation, and points out that under the same political system, the difference in the economic system between the two regions is the inconsistency of the development of the feudal lords in the two regions. The root of it.
In the course of the social and historical development of the two, religion has a profound influence on the development of the feudal lord system, especially in the Dai area in Xishuangbanna. The fourth chapter outlines the religious beliefs under the system of the Zhuang and the Dai feudal lords in Xishuangbanna, and makes a comparison of the religious system. It is a dialectical analysis of the role of religion in the society of feudal lords. It is believed that religion has two sides in the process of social development. It should not only see the negative effects of religion, but also the active role of religion in promoting social development and the feasibility of its existence.
The fifth chapter is the summary and discussion part of this article. Through the analysis and comparison of the similarities and differences between the two parties in the previous chapters, it is pointed out that the inconsistency of the social form in the process of social and historical development can be abstracted as the inconsistency between the superstructure and the economic base, and this inconsistency will carry out different courses in the process of social and historical development. There are various differences in the feudal lord system because of the differences in the historical development conditions of the Zhuang minority area of Guangxi and the Dai nationality in Xishuangbanna. First, the feudal lord system of the two has a close relationship with the geographical position of the feudal lord system for many years. The difference of the feudal lords has resulted in the different development of feudal lords. The land of Western Guangxi is relatively poor than Xishuangbanna, the low social productivity, the heavy exploitation of the feudal lords, the strong resistance of the peasants, and the more easily intensifying social contradictions, so it is easier to accelerate the social change from the interior, and thus accelerate the disappearance of the feudal lord system; and the Dai nationality region in Xishuangbanna It is because of its superior natural conditions and rich and plentiful resources. Although it is a broad and thin harvest, it does not affect the quality of life of the peasants. The peasants' life is rich and comfortable, and the secludness of the exploitation of feudal lords, the class contradictions between the feudal lords and the peasants are not very sharp, and the rule of the feudal lords has long and firmly established. Moreover, the differences in geography and traffic between the two regions led to the different impact of the foreign economy and culture on the feudal lords, which led to the different development of the feudal lords of the Zhuang and Dai ethnic groups in Xishuangbanna. In the west of Guangxi, the transportation of water along the coast of Youjiang was developed, and since ancient times it was an important transport hub for Guangdong and Southeast Asia in the southwest. In the period of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the number of immigrants in Western Guangxi was increasing, and in addition to the influence of western Guangdong merchants in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the social economy and culture of Western Guangxi were much stronger than that of Xishuangbanna. The landlord economy was more widely developed in the west of Guangxi, resulting in the impact and extinction of the feudal lord system, while Xishuangbanna was in the right place. On the contrary, the feudal system of Lords can be maintained and developed for a long time, because of the inconvenient traffic.
Secondly, the influence of the external force on the feudal lord system can not be ignored. Xishuangbanna is located in the southwest border area. In history, the invasion of foreign enemies is the key to the invasion of foreign enemies. The invasion of the foreign enemy and the long war chaos have caused serious trauma to Xishuangbanna, which greatly hindered the development of the social economy and resulted in the long-term stagnation of the Dai society in Xishuangbanna. At the same time, the feudal lords' contradiction between the local people and the local people was also transferred and alleviated by these foreign forces and feudal Tusi, which objectively supported the existence and development of the feudal lord system. In the west of Guangxi, the commodity economy and trade brought by convenient transportation, the Opium species The development of planting and trade also promoted the development of the society to a certain extent, and the development of the feudal landlord economy led to the disappearance of the feudal lord system in the west of Guangxi.
Third, different ethnic psychological characteristics are different to the foreign economic and cultural acceptance, and also have a certain influence on the difference of the development of the feudal lords. The Zhuang is an open and tolerant nation and an inclusive attitude to the foreign culture. It is easier to promote the social change and development. Xishuangbanna's natural geographical conditions are superior. To be satisfied with the status quo, to exclude foreign economy and culture, and to slow the development of society, the Dai society in Xishuangbanna has been in the development stage of feudal lords system for a long time.
In a word, through the discussion of the development course of the formation, development and decline of the feudal lord of the Zhuang and Dai people of the Dai nationality in Xishuangbanna and the early period of the liberation of the Dai nationality of the Dai nationality of Guangxi, the author compares the similarities and differences between the two ethnic areas of the Zhuang nationality of Guangxi and the Dai nationality of Xishuangbanna in the social form of feudal lords. The internal factors of the similarities and differences, hope to understand the common laws experienced by the two ethnic groups in the process of social development, and discover the special experiences of the two ethnic groups, which enrich the field of the study of the Zhuang and Dai feudal society, make up for the shortcomings of the national research, explore the law of the development of the ethnic society in the south, and provide the hair of the Zhuang Dai society. At the same time, it provides a certain practical reference for further grasping the political, economic and cultural development laws of the southern minority areas, giving full play to the regional advantages of the border region economy, evading inferiority, speeding up and promoting the process of the development of the western region and the development of the regional economic development in Southeast Asia.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K28

【引证文献】