以则尔山为中心的尔苏藏族地方社会

发布时间：2018-06-28 08:48

  本文选题：尔苏地方 + “觉”之维系　； 参考：《中华文化论坛》2011年02期

【摘要】：尔苏藏族是现今藏族的一个支系,包含三个不同方言的族群。尔苏藏族所在大渡河大拐弯与雅砻江大拐弯之间的大片地区,是一个打破行政界限的相对独立完整的历史空间。这个空间的完整性是由一个坐标中心点即则尔山来维系,由此构成了尔苏藏族地方社会历史生活的一个基本特点。尔苏藏族的社会以家族为基础,现有的家名估计有200多个,习惯聚族而居,选择河谷及沟谷有洁净山泉的台地或高坡上、背山面水营建聚落。聚落生活最具有约束力或制裁力的礼仪就是对"觉"的信仰和崇拜。作为代表尔苏藏族文化特征的表述,"觉"也是最具有涵盖性、最能够概括、内涵最丰富、象征性意义最强的符号。尔苏先民自古生活在大渡河以南至雅砻江下游一带。古籍记载他称的历史民族,秦汉之"夷",唐宋之"蛮",明清之"番",其中都包含有尔苏先民的成分。则尔山则是尔苏族群历史地域活动的一个空间支撑点,是尔苏藏族认定的原始中心。尔苏地方传统社会提供了一种案例:以神圣山峰来定位社会生存空间,以神圣山峰为枢纽来维系地方社会的存在。而且,这种社会空间结构一旦形成,便使这种结构本身具有了某种文化聚合力,或者说,其本身构成为一个具有文化能量的"场域"。这个"场域"的表征就是社会存在的相应空间出现文化上的对应设置,由此构成水平分层的同构聚合与信仰。尔苏地方这一传统文化形态似乎可以上溯到汉文典籍《山海经》记载的上古地域风俗。自20世纪末以来,中国改革大潮来势猛烈,尔苏藏族地方社会及文化面临前所未有的急剧变迁,以往充满活力的场域有悄然消解的危机。
[Abstract]:Ersu Tibetan is a branch of the present Tibetan nationality, including three different dialects. The large area between the great bend of Dadu River and the great bend of Yalong River is a relatively independent and complete historical space for breaking administrative boundaries. The integrity of this space is maintained by a coordinate center point, namely Zir Mountain, which constitutes a basic feature of social and historical life in Ersu Tibetan area. The society of Ersu Tibetans is based on the family. The existing family names are estimated to be more than 200, and they are used to live together. They choose terraces or high slopes with clean springs in the valleys and valleys, and build settlements with water on the back of the mountains. The most binding or sanctifying ritual of settlement life is the belief and worship of consciousness. As a representation of the Tibetan cultural characteristics of Ersu, Chueh is also the most inclusive, the most general, the richest in connotation and the most symbolic in meaning. Ersu ancestors lived from ancient times south of the Dadu River to the lower reaches of the Yalong River. The ancient books record his historical nation, the Yi of Qin and Han Dynasty, the Man of Tang and Song Dynasty, and the Fan of Ming and Qing Dynasty, all of which contain the elements of Ersu people. Zer Mountain is a spatial support point of the historical regional activities of Ersu ethnic group, and it is the original center of Ersu Tibetan identity. Ersu local traditional society provides a case: the sacred mountain to locate the social living space, the sacred mountain as the hub to maintain the existence of the local society. Moreover, once this kind of social spatial structure is formed, it makes the structure itself have some kind of cultural cohesion, or, in other words, it constitutes a "field" with cultural energy. The representation of this "field" is the corresponding cultural setting in the corresponding space of social existence, which constitutes the isomorphic aggregation and belief of horizontal stratification. It'seems that the traditional cultural form of Ersu can be traced back to the ancient regional customs recorded in the Chinese classic Shanhai Classic. Since the end of the 20th century, the tide of reform in China has been fierce, the Tibetan local society and culture in Ersu are facing unprecedented rapid changes, and the former vigorous field has quietly resolved the crisis.
【作者单位】： 四川省民族研究所;
【分类号】：K28
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本文编号：2077426