胶澳开埠与青岛城市的早期现代化（1898—1914）

发布时间：2018-06-30 04:04

本文选题：青岛 + 开埠　；参考：《东北师范大学》2002年硕士论文

【摘要】： 城市是人类社会的生产力发展到一定阶段的产物，是社会进步的标志。就近代中国而言，城市又是社会和经济现代化的策源地。19世纪末20世纪初，青岛作为殖民城市在外力的推进作用下迅速崛起，并经历了早期的不成熟的现代化。此间，为了实现在东亚建立商业根据地的目的，德国针对青岛天然的区位优势，设立胶海关，实行自由地区制度，并以港口、铁路等基础设施为依托，积极发展对外贸易，使青岛在十几年内由一个蕞尔渔村一跃成为中国北方影响深远的国际性商埠。出于经济发展和军事统治的需要，德国殖民当局建立了以胶澳总督为首的相对独立的城市行政机构，引入近代交通、通讯，规划城市建设，改良公用事业，兴建西式建筑，从而扩大了城市的职能和容量。城市集聚效应吸引了大量异质人口向青岛迁徙，拉动了城市的人口结构和社会文化生活向现代变迁，因而青岛成为中国早期现代化的先行地带，这不仅为二三十年代青岛城市的进一步发展奠定了经济和社会基础，而且对山东乃至华北区域的现代化进程产生了深远影响。本文拟以德租时期(1898—1914)青岛缄市早期现代化的表征为线索，客观评述外力条件下青岛开埠的进步作用及向现代城市嬗变过程中的积极因素，剖析19世纪末20世纪初青岛城市的发展动力及经验教训，，以期为当今城市的现代化建设提供可供借鉴的历史参照。
[Abstract]:The city is the product of the development of the productive forces of human society to a certain stage and the symbol of social progress. As far as modern China is concerned, cities are the birthplace of social and economic modernization. At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, Qingdao, as a colonial city, rose rapidly under the influence of external forces, and experienced the early immature modernization. In order to achieve the purpose of establishing a commercial base in East Asia, Germany, in view of Qingdao's natural geographical advantages, set up customs offices, implemented a free area system, and actively developed foreign trade on the basis of infrastructure such as ports, railways, etc. Qingdao has grown from a tiny fishing village to a far-reaching international commercial port in northern China in more than a decade. For the sake of economic development and military rule, the German colonial authorities established a relatively independent urban administration headed by the Governor of Jiao-ao, introducing modern traffic, communications, planning urban construction, improving public utilities, and building western-style buildings. Thus expanding the function and capacity of the city. The effect of urban agglomeration attracts a large number of heterogeneous population to migrate to Qingdao, and promotes the population structure and social and cultural life of the city to modern changes, so Qingdao has become the leading zone of China's early modernization. This not only laid the economic and social foundation for the further development of Qingdao city in the 1920s and 1930s, but also had a profound influence on the modernization process of Shandong and even North China. This paper, based on the indication of the early modernization of Tsingtao (1898-1914), will objectively comment on the progressive role of Qingdao's opening port under external force and the positive factors in the process of its transmutation to modern city. This paper analyzes the motive force and experience of Qingdao city development at the end of 19th century and the beginning of 20th century in order to provide a historical reference for modern city construction.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2002
【分类号】：K295.2

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