侗族款组织的文化人类学阐释

发布时间：2018-06-30 10:46

本文选题：侗族 + 款组织　；参考：《中央民族大学》2007年博士论文

【摘要】： 对于侗族款组织的研究，早在宋代的汉族文献中就已经开始。从目前所了解的情况来看，除元代没有汉族文献记载之外，此后的各个朝代均有记载，而且是越来越多，越来越具体。对于这方面的研究，开始时仅仅是某一方面的著述，到后来的官方、私人著述均有记载。我们可以将这些记载称之为汉族、局外人对侗族款组织的研究。在侗族民间流传着大量款组织的传说，保存有大量的款组织的条规，侗族人自己将其称之为“款”、“款词”、“念词”等。我们可以将这些“口碑文献”看作是本土研究者的研究成果。1949年新中国成立后不久，在中国共产党的领导下，有关部门组织人员开展了“民族民间三套集成”的收集整理工作；改革开放后，有关部门组织人员又对侗族款词作了古籍整理工作，正式出版了几十万字的汉、侗文对照的书籍；更有近30年来研究者发表在各类杂志上的近100篇论文以及一本专门研究侗族款组织的著作。我们可以将这些研究成果称之为在相关理论指导下的既有本民族学者又有外族学者的参加的共同研究成果。本论文是在上述研究成果的基础上用民族学、文化人类学的文献法、实地调查法等方法对侗族款组织进行研究，厘清前人研究的不足，纠正其含混甚至是错误的观点与结论，使人们对侗族款组织有一个清楚、明晰的认识。本论文共分为七章。第一章讨论了文献的种类及其对款组织记载的状况，在此基础上论证了款组织的成因。在文献的分类上分为汉文文献和侗语文献，，以往研究多忽略侗语文献。这样划分可以可以补充以往研究文献种类划分的不足，以获得更多的研究资料。在款组织的成因上主要是侗族社会长期存在二重性因素，即既有受封建王朝统治的一面，又有自身社会组织发展的一面。二者之间是一种互相消长的关系。第二章讨论的是款组织的社会性质问题，它是前阶级社会的一种组织，这是以往研究成果中最含混的部分，是对第一章的逻辑解释，也是理解以下各章的基础和出发点。对这个问题认识清楚了，对于款字的含义的争论也就不言自明了。第三章是对款组织的结构、层次及与其他社会组织关系进行厘清，并探讨其内在的联系。研究后认为，这一组织结构是一种上小下大的三角形组织结构，在物理学上讲这是一种稳固的结构形式，由于它的存在才形成第四章的状况。第四章讨论的是款组织的联络方式、集中地点和起款。款组织有自己的结构，但是，只要它没有起款活动，我们就不容易看出它的存在，只有起款才感觉和看到它的存在。正是基于这一点，无论是汉文文献，还是侗语文献，或者是古代文献、近现代文献对它的记载都比较多。本章将对这些文献记载的这类内容进行辨析，认为：在联络上有声域信息和视域信息两种；在集中地点上名称不同且各有所用；在起款活动上是以民族为出发点的(?)有仪式。第五章讨论款组织的规约。在以往的研究成果中多认为：款组织的规约就是“约法款”，它是侗族的法律或者习惯法。本章认为款组织在不同的时期有不同的文本和不同的内容。在早期阶段是“石头文本”，其内容比较单一；其次是“款词文本”阶段，它的内容全面、具体，有法律的性质；再次是“碑刻文本”阶段，它的内容不如“款词文本”广泛，但有可操作性。正是由于文本、内容各不相同，但在立约上都是以发誓而订立，所以将其称为规约，也就是对这些条款有约定。第六章讨论款组织的变迁。变迁问题是民族学、文化人类学的一个长期的热门课题。本章除叙述理论外，更主要是对变迁的背景有详细叙述，这是以往研究所没有的，而且是在调查、寻访的基础上举出了实例；将变迁的性质具体化。第七章以对款组织的研究为例对民族学、文化人类学的几个理论问题如变迁、实践，中心与边缘等进行探讨。认为；变迁可以看作是历史的，纵向的，实践是横向的，两者可以互相补充。中心与边缘是一个主观因素较浓的词，值得认真探究。侗族款组织作为一种社会组织长期存在于侗族社会中，它不仅有文化遗产的性质，而且也有口头与非物质文化遗产的内容。对此，提出了对这些遗产进行“文化空间”保护、静态保护、动态保护等措施。款组织长期对侗族的影响，使其民族性格有了“款”的因素，在构建和谐社会的今天如何开展这项工程，本部分也进行了探讨。
[Abstract]:The study of the Dong ethnic group has already begun in the Han literature of the Song Dynasty. From the present situation, in addition to the Han literature in the Yuan Dynasty, every dynasty has been recorded, and it is more and more specific. The official and private writings are recorded. We can refer to these records as the Han, the outsider's study of the Dong ethnic group. In the Dong folk, a large number of legends have been circulated in the Dong folk, and the rules of a large number of organizations are preserved. The Dong people themselves call it "money", "money words", "words", etc. After the founding of the new China in.1949, the literature of the monument was not long after the founding of the new China. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the relevant departments and organizations carried out the collection and collation of the "three sets of ethnic and folk sets". After the reform and opening up, the relevant departments organized the work of the ancient books of the Dong nationality and the official publication. There are hundreds of thousands of Chinese and Dong Wen's books, and more than 100 papers published in various magazines in the last 30 years and a book devoted to the study of Dong nationality organizations. We can call these research results a common research into the participation of both national and foreign scholars under the guidance of relevant theories. Fruit.
On the basis of the above research results, this paper uses ethnology, cultural anthropology literature, field investigation and other methods to study the Dong ethnic groups, to clarify the shortcomings of previous studies and to correct their ambiguous and even wrong ideas and conclusions, so that people have a clear and clear understanding of the Dong nationality organizations.
This paper is divided into seven chapters.
The first chapter discusses the types of the literature and the status of the records of the money organization. On the basis of this, it demonstrates the causes of the organization. In the classification of the literature, it is divided into Chinese literature and Dong language literature. The cause of the organization is mainly the duality factor of the Dong Society for a long time, that is, the one side of the feudal dynasty and the development of its own social organization. The relationship between the two is a mutually reinforcing relationship.
The second chapter discusses the social nature of the organization. It is an organization of the former class society. It is the most ambiguous part of the previous research. It is the logical explanation of the first chapter. It is also the basis and starting point of the following chapters.
The third chapter is to clarify the structure, level and relationship with other social organizations, and discuss its internal relations. After studying, this organization structure is a small and large triangular structure. In physics it is a solid structural form, and the existence of the fourth chapters is formed because of its existence.
The fourth chapter discusses the mode of liaison, the location and the fund. The organization has its own structure. However, as long as it does not have an activity, it is not easy to see its existence. It is only in the beginning to feel and see its existence. It is based on this, whether it is the Chinese literature, the Dong language literature, or the ancient literature. There are more records in modern literature. This chapter will differentiate and analyze the contents of these documents. It is believed that there are two kinds of information and field of view information in contact; the names are different and each is used in the centralized place; in the activity of raising money, there is a ceremony in which the nation is the starting point.
The fifth chapter discusses the statute of the fund organization. In the previous research achievements, it is believed that the statute of the fund organization is "the law of the law". It is the law of the Dong nationality or the customary law. It has a comprehensive, specific and legal nature; again it is the "inscription text" stage, and its content is not as extensive as "text word", but it is operable. It is because the text is different, but it is made with vow on the agreement, so it is called the statute, which is about the terms. Make sure.
The sixth chapter discusses the changes in the organization of the funds. The issue of change is a long-term hot topic in ethnology and cultural anthropology. This chapter, in addition to the narrative theory, is more mainly about the background of the change, which is not the previous research, and has given examples on the basis of investigation and search; and the nature of the change is concreted.
The seventh chapter, taking the research of the fund organization as an example, discusses several theoretical problems of Ethnology and cultural anthropology, such as change, practice, center and edge, and so on. The change can be regarded as historical, vertical and horizontal, and both can complement each other. The center and edge are a strong subjective factor, worthy of careful inquiry. As a social organization, Dong nationality organizations, as a social organization, exist in the Dong Society for a long time. It not only has the nature of cultural heritage, but also has the content of oral and non material cultural heritage. In this regard, it puts forward measures such as "cultural space" protection, static protection, dynamic protection and so on. This part is also discussed in the construction of a harmonious society today.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K287.2

【引证文献】