晚清东北地区的商人研究

发布时间：2018-07-06 17:46

本文选题：晚清 + 东北地区　；参考：《东北师范大学》2005年硕士论文

【摘要】：晚清东北地区逐步开禁以后,特别是在营口开埠以后,商业进入了一个新的发展阶段。商人阶层不仅人数增加,其社会影响力较以往也有了很大程度的提高。本文以晚清东北地区的商人为研究对象,从晚清东北地区商人阶层崛起的原因入手,对其社会角色、价值观以及性格和经营特点进行分析,以期概括出这一时期东北商人的总体特征。首先,分析晚清东北地区的商业发展状况。解禁前,东北不利的流通环境是商业发展滞后的主要原因。商人阶层人少势弱且以外地商人为主。随着封禁政策的解除,移民的涌入带动了农业的发展,大量剩余农产品为商业发展准备了物质基础。交通网的扩展和城镇的兴起则为商业的发展提供了良好环境。而政府的奖商政策也是不可忽视的原因。在这几方面因素的综合作用下,东北商业迅速发展,表现在:商业企业不断增加;商品充足;对外贸易繁荣。其次,分析晚清东北商人的社会角色。从社会构成方面看,外地客商、外来移民、本地汉民和少数民族商人是这一社会群体的组成者。将这一阶层剖开来看,以商人经营活动的方式、定居的地域、与政治权利的关系以及经营内容为标准进行类型区分。在同一类型中,根据社会的标准与经济标准的综合区别出不同层次。在社会关系方面,则通过商人与官府、与当地民众、与边疆少数民族、与外国商人和外国势力的关系五条脉络进行分析。最后,分析晚清东北商人的价值观、性格特点和经营特点。价值观念中,对于“义”的推崇是其核心,其根源于中原儒家文化的影响。而东北商人的性格特点则是中原文化与关东民风相结合的产物。经营商业时虽然表现出诚信无欺,踏实本分,但是在经营内容上陈旧;经营方式落后;在经营手段上没有创新,呆板而无灵活性;在利润流向上,土地投资及“义举”分流了商人们的大部分资金。
[Abstract]:After the opening of the northeast of the late Qing Dynasty, especially after the opening of Yingkou, commerce entered a new stage of development. The merchant class not only increased the number of people, but also greatly improved its social influence. This paper takes the merchants in the northeast of the late Qing Dynasty as the research object, starting with the reasons of the rise of the merchant stratum in the northeast of the late Qing Dynasty, and analyzes its social role, values, character and management characteristics. In order to generalize the general characteristics of northeast merchants in this period. First of all, the analysis of the northeast of the late Qing Dynasty commercial development. Before the lifting of the ban, the unfavorable circulation environment in Northeast China was the main reason for the lag of commercial development. The merchant class is less powerful and is dominated by foreign merchants. With the lifting of the ban policy, the influx of immigrants led to the development of agriculture, a large number of surplus agricultural products for the commercial development of the material basis. The expansion of traffic network and the rise of towns provide a good environment for the development of commerce. The government's incentive policy is also a reason that can not be ignored. Under the combined action of these factors, the northeast commerce develops rapidly, which is manifested in the increasing number of commercial enterprises, the abundance of commodities, and the prosperity of foreign trade. Secondly, it analyzes the social role of northeast merchants in late Qing Dynasty. In terms of social composition, foreign merchants, immigrants, local Han people and ethnic minority businessmen are the members of this social group. The classification of this stratum is based on the mode of business activities, the region of settlement, the relationship with political rights and the content of business. In the same type, different levels are distinguished according to the integration of social and economic standards. In terms of social relations, the relationship between businessmen and officials, local people, border minorities, foreign businessmen and foreign forces is analyzed. Finally, it analyzes the value, character and management characteristics of the northeast merchants in the late Qing Dynasty. In the value concept, the promotion of "righteousness" is its core, which originates from the influence of the Confucian culture in the Central Plains. The character of the northeast merchants is the result of the combination of the Central Plains culture and the customs of the East China. Although it shows good faith and good faith in business, it is old in business content; backward in management style; no innovation in business means, no rigidity but no flexibility; and no profit flow. Land investment and the act of justice have diverted most of the money of businessmen.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：K252;K29

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