明代吐蕃十八族考

发布时间：2018-07-22 13:11

【摘要】："西番十八族"曾长期活跃于宋、金、元、明等朝,是甘、青、川地区著名的吐蕃大族,对当地的政治、文化产生过较大的影响。宋、金、元、明时期的十八族有狭义与广义之分,狭义十八族是指具体的18个部落;广义十八族是一个笼统的称呼,它源于吐蕃六大姓氏之一的"董氏族姓"。元代十八族与岷州包家族有密切关系。岷州包家族原本是秦州近边的丁家族迁移而来,不大可能是董氏十八部族的后裔,但这并不妨碍进入元代以后一部分包家族已融入了洮、岷十八族,并成为洮、岷十八族的实际统治者。元朝末年包完卜v任十八族元帅府元帅,以及洪武年间岷州卫属下十八族军民千户所之千户与大部分百户均由包家族后裔担任便是极好的证明。洪武初年,洮州十八族在明朝的打击下消失了,十八族军民千户所也被中左千户取代,其土官身份也随之成为流官,这在明初西北"土流参治"体制中是一个非常特殊的案例。
[Abstract]:The "18 people of Western Fan", who had long been active in Song, Jin, Yuan and Ming dynasties, were famous Tibetan ethnic groups in Gansu, Qing and Sichuan regions, which had a great influence on local politics and culture. The eighteen tribes in Song, Jin, Yuan and Ming dynasties are divided into narrow sense and broad sense. The narrow sense of eighteen tribes refers to the specific 18 tribes, and the broad eighteenth clan is a general term, which originates from "Dong clan's surname", one of the six major surnames of Tubo. The eighteen families of Yuan Dynasty were closely related to the Bao family of Minzhou. The Minzhou Bao family originally migrated from the Ding family near Qinzhou, which is unlikely to be the descendant of Dong's 18 tribes, but this does not prevent some of the Bao families from entering the Yuan Dynasty into Tao, Min, 18, and Tao. The actual rulers of the 18 people of the Min nationality. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Bao Wanyu served as Field Marshal of 18 families, as well as thousands of military and civilian families under Minzhou and Wei in Hongwu period, and most of them were served by the descendants of the Bao family. This is an excellent proof. In the early years of Hongwu, 18 families of Taozhou disappeared under the attack of the Ming Dynasty, and thousands of families of military and civilian families of 18 nationalities were replaced by thousands of families from the middle to the left, and their earthen official status also became the official officials, which was a very special case in the system of "soil flow and management" in the northwest of the early Ming Dynasty.
【作者单位】：兰州大学西北少数民族研究中心;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地2008年度重大项目“明清时期河湟岷洮地区少数民族对中华民族认同的研究”(项目批准号:08JJD850215)的子课题
【分类号】：K281.14

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