建省前后西康地方势力的纷争研究

发布时间：2018-08-02 20:30

【摘要】：始于清末川边改流、成立于1939年的西康省,是近代中国边疆行政建制的一件大事,前后历经三十余年,几经波折,时废时兴,展现了近代康区波澜壮阔、精彩纷呈的一段历史。本文通过对清末以来几经波折的西康建省之路的历史回顾,从清末赵尔丰经营“川边地区”,到北洋政府1913年的“川边特别行政区”、1925年的“西康特别行政区”,再到南京国民政府1934年的“西康建省委员会”、1939年的“西康省”。重点探讨以刘文辉为代表的西康地方政府,以格桑泽仁、诺那活佛、刘家驹、任乃强等康巴精英、学者,以及土司、寺庙等西康地方势力在西康建省中的发展与演变,围绕西康建省中因建省方案、建省领导权、党部建设、疆界划分、人事组织等产生了错综复杂的矛盾与冲突,展开的权力纷争与角逐,从而相继爆发了“绰斯甲归属之争”、“大白事件”、“格桑泽仁事件”、“诺那事件”、“甘孜事件”。以刘文辉为首的地方政权与中央政权的权力纷争,反映了国家权力扩张与地方割据之间的矛盾;以格桑泽仁为首的康巴精英、西康土司以及藏传佛教势力与刘文辉的权力斗争则反映了地方自治运动与军阀割据独统之间的矛盾,“康人治康”的实质,就是要将刘文辉的客居势力赶出康区,由康人自行组建行省。西康建省就是各种矛盾与权力纠葛上的暂时妥协,这种暂时妥协却使西康完成省制建制。西康建省后,西康地方势力进行了洗牌与组局,刘文辉集党政军大权于一身,且与西康宗教、土司势力达成了政治默契,实现了互惠互利共赢的局面;中央政府在西康省设委员长西昌行营,并派兵进驻,省党部、中统、军统组织在西康建立健全;康巴精英虽在三次“康人治康运动”中损失惨重,但仍掌握了部分舆论话语权;宁属彝族家支势力、雅属袍哥堂会势力登上西康政治舞台,相继在“普雄事件”、“雅属事件”中,加入了与刘文辉、中央政府的新一轮博弈。总之,西康地方势力形成此消彼长、多元纷呈的局面,在一系列的错综复杂斗争中不断整合,在主观与客观因素作用下加快西康省的建设步伐。
[Abstract]:Xikang province, which was founded in 1939 and started in late Qing Dynasty, is a major event in the administrative system of modern China's frontier areas. After more than 30 years, it has experienced several twists and turns, and then abandoned the trend of the times, showing the magnificent and splendid history of modern Kang District. By reviewing the history of the road to the establishment of Xikang Province, which has undergone twists and turns since the end of the Qing Dynasty, this paper goes from Zhao Erfeng's management of the "Sichuan Border region" in the late Qing Dynasty to the "Sichuan Border Special Administrative region" of the Beiyang Government in 1913 and the "Xikang Special Administrative region" in 1925. Then to Nanjing National Government in 1934, "Xikang Provincial Committee", 1939 "Xikang Province." It focuses on the development and evolution of the Xikang local government, represented by Liu Wenhui, the elite of Kangba, scholars, Tusi, temples and other local forces in Xikang Province, such as Gesang Zeren, Nona living Buddha, Liu Jiazu, Ren Naiqiang, and so on. Around the program of establishing the province, the leadership of the province, the construction of the Party department, the demarcation of the boundary, the personnel organization and so on, there have been intricate contradictions and conflicts, disputes and competitions of power that have been launched, and thus the "dispute over the ownership of Chuosijia" has broken out one after another. The Great White incident, the Gesanzelen incident, the Nona incident, the Ganzi incident. The power disputes between the local and central governments led by Liu Wenhui reflected the contradiction between the expansion of state power and the local separation regime. The power struggle between Xikang Tusi and Tibetan Buddhist forces and Liu Wenhui reflected the contradiction between the local autonomy movement and the separation of warlords from the monarchy. The essence of "healthy people governing health" is to drive Liu Wenhui's guest forces out of the Kang district. Kang people form their own provinces. Xikang Province is a temporary compromise of various contradictions and power disputes, which makes Xikang complete the provincial system. After the establishment of Xikang Province, Xikang local forces shuffled the cards and organized the bureau. Liu Wenhui gathered the party, government and army power in one, and reached a political tacit understanding with Xikang religion and the Tusi forces, and realized the situation of mutual benefit and win-win situation. The central government has set up Xichang camp in Xikang province and sent troops to the camp. The provincial Party Department, the Central Unification, and the military Unification Organization have established and improved in Xikang. Although the Kangba elite has suffered heavy losses in the three "healthy people governing the healthy Movement," they still have some right to speak in public opinion. Ning is a branch of the Yi nationality, and the Ya Pao Gog Church ascends the political stage of Xikang, and successively adds a new round of games with Liu Wenhui and the Central Government in the "Puxiong incident" and "Ya Family incident". In a word, the local forces in Xikang have formed one and the other, and diversified situation, in a series of complex struggle constantly integrated, under the subjective and objective factors to speed up the construction of Xikang province.
【学位授予单位】：云南民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K29

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