抗战时期四川省三台县的优抚工作

发布时间：2018-08-09 16:05

【摘要】：中国的优抚历史最早可以追溯到西周时期,不同的时期,优抚工作的表现形式和落实情况是不同的。但有一个相同点就是,优抚工作的落实到位,直接决定了军队作战的积极性,影响到一次战役的胜败,甚至关乎到了国家的存亡。抗日战争敌强我弱的现状,使得中国军队建设尤其重要。如何保障军队的稳定,促进军人能够恪尽职守在前线奋勇杀敌,则需要对军人及其军人家属的实施优抚工作,使得他们没有后顾之忧。在抗战时期,国民政府成立了相关的机构,如优抚委员会,动员委员会等,来具体的执行优抚工作。政府还颁布了一系列的政策法令,来规定优抚工作的具体运行。当然,抗战时期国民政府的军人优抚政策,其具体的实施机构多为县级机关,执行组织则是区乡保甲。本文拟定以大后方四川省三台县为个案,以该县为个案,来探讨抗战时期军人优抚的真实状况。抗战时期,三台县政府根据国民政府法令以及四川省府规定,对出征抗敌军人及其家属分别进行优抚,并且为鼓励青年参军,还对入伍青年发放服役安家费。在战场上对于有战功的军人,按军功发给奖励。对于受伤的军人,按受伤的等级,分别发给优待金或者是优待谷。为了保障军人家属的基本生活水平,对军人家属进行节假日的优待,抗属子女上学的优待,解决军人及军人家属之间的通讯问题等。通过对三台县的优抚工作的研究,可以看出为确保整个军队数量上的优势,国民政府确也采取了一定的措施来确保军队稳定,鼓励青年从军。不过,就三台县的优抚工作具体执行而言,还是存在较多的问题,这一实况折射出在当时日渐艰难的国运之下,国民党政权优抚工作差强人意之运作真实面。值得关注的是,抗战期间,国民政府的优抚工作也是考量一个政权在危急时刻执政能力的一面镜子,以史为鉴,这对现代优抚工作的开展具有借鉴作用。
[Abstract]:The history of superior care in China can be traced back to the Western Zhou Dynasty. But one thing in common is that the implementation of the superior and governing work directly determines the army's enthusiasm in fighting, affects the victory and defeat of a battle, and even affects the survival or death of the country. The present situation of the enemy being strong and weak in the War of Resistance against Japan makes the building of the Chinese army especially important. How to ensure the stability of the army and promote the soldiers to fulfill their duties to fight the enemy in the front line, it is necessary to the soldiers and their families to carry out the work, so that they have no worries. During the War of Resistance against Japan, the National Government set up relevant institutions, such as the governing Committee and the Mobilization Committee, to carry out the work. The government has also issued a series of policy decrees to regulate the operation of preferential work. Of course, in the period of Anti-Japanese War, the military preferential policy of the National Government was mostly implemented by county-level organs, and the executive organization was district and township protection. Taking Santai County of Sichuan Province as a case and this county as a case, this paper discusses the true situation of military personnel in the period of Anti-Japanese War. During the Anti-Japanese War, the Santai County Government, in accordance with the decree of the National Government and the provisions of the Sichuan Provincial Government, gave preferential treatment to the invading soldiers and their families, and in order to encourage young people to join the armed forces, they also paid out family fees for serving in the army. In the field of war for the military service, according to the military merit award. For wounded soldiers, according to the level of injury, the payment of preferential payment or preferential Valley. In order to ensure the basic living standard of the military family, the special treatment of the military family on holidays and holidays, the preferential treatment of resisting the subordinate children to go to school, the solution of the communication problem between the servicemen and the military family, etc. Through the study of the excellent and governing work in Santai County, we can see that in order to ensure the superiority of the whole army, the National Government has indeed taken certain measures to ensure the stability of the army and encourage young people to join the army. However, there are still many problems in the implementation of preferential management in Santai County. This fact reflects that under the increasingly difficult national luck at that time, the Kuomintang regime's superior and governing work was not as satisfactory as it really was. It is worth paying attention to that during the Anti-Japanese War, the national government's excellent governing work is also a mirror to consider a regime's ability to govern in a critical time, and draw lessons from history, which can be used as a reference for the development of the modern excellent governing work.
【学位授予单位】：山西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K29

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