明代河洮岷地区交通研究

发布时间：2018-01-02 05:22

本文关键词：明代河洮岷地区交通研究　出处：《陕西师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：历史上,河洮岷地区一直是中原王朝同西北少数民族长期争夺之地,战略地位十分重要。到了明代,这种重要性显得更为突出。处于汉藏结合部的河洮岷地区是整个藏区的缩影,对整个藏区具有很强的示范效应和影响力,因此成为明朝政府经略藏区的前沿阵地。明朝政府很多经营藏区的方略先在这里试行,然后推广到整个藏区。为此,明朝政府在河洮岷地区建立了东连内地、西通藏区、北达甘凉、南至四川的交通网络。有明一代,河洮岷地区一直是朝廷使者进出藏区、藏区朝贡使臣往来、明廷对藏区用兵、汉藏茶马贸易的重要通道。这不仅加强了对河洮岷地区的控制,更重要的是为明廷经营藏区提供了方便,加强了藏区同内地之间的联系。本文分五部分对河洮岷地区的交通进行了系统的论述：绪论部分,主要阐述了本文的选题缘由、研究内容、相关内容的研究现状、研究目标及研究方法。本文基于明代河洮岷地区的重要性和特殊性,拟对该地区交通线路的具体走向、沿途的重要站点、使用状况、通行条件、通行能力、社会影响等方面进行探讨。同时,还对本研究的资料来源做了简要介绍。第一章,综述河洮岷地区的自然环境状况、民族构成及演变和行政区划变迁。河洮岷地区位于青藏高原、黄土高原、陇南山地的过渡地带,自古以来就是不同地域的民族和部落往来的通道。历史上,汉、羌、氐、吐谷浑、藏、蒙古、回等民族先后在这里繁衍生息,民族结构十分复杂。当中原王朝进入时,则划区而治、郡县其地；而当少数民族成为该地域的统治者时,则大部分各自为王,不相连属。因此,河洮岷地区的行政区划随着王朝的更替不断变化。河洮岷地区特殊的自然环境、民族构成及行政区划变迁造就了它的特殊和重要的战略地位,并为历代中原王朝所重视。第二章,以文献记载为依据,在实地考察的基础之上,复原了明代河洮岷地区的交通网络。明代,河洮岷地区成为明廷经营藏区的桥头堡,较之前代,战略地位更加重要。因此,明廷十分重视该地区的交通建设。洪武年间,明廷就在河洮岷境内修建了驿站。永乐至宣德年间,又恢复了从河州进入藏区的道路。自此,河洮岷地区四通八达的交通网络基本形成。第三章,从使臣往来、贡赐贸易、茶马贸易、军事活动等方面分析了明代河洮岷地区的交通使用状况。经河洮岷地区的入藏使臣可以分为中央政府官员使者、僧人使节、河洮岷地方军官使节。明代前期,河洮岷地区是藏区进京朝贡的必经之地,河洮岷当地亦有众多部落首领和僧侣进京朝贡。有明一代,河洮岷地区-直是汉藏茶马贸易的重要场所。最后,简述了河洮岷地区三次典型军事活动。第四章,探讨了明代河洮岷地区的交通建设的意义。主要从两个方面进行了分析：明代河洮岷地区的交通建设对本地区的影响；明代河洮岷的交通建设在明廷经营藏区中的重要作用。
[Abstract]:Historically, hetaomin region has been betweencentral plains and the northwest minority long-term battle, the strategic position is very important. In the Ming Dynasty, the importance became more prominent. In the combination of the Tibetan hetaomin region is the epitome of the whole Tibetan area, has a strong demonstration effect and influence of the whole Tibetan area, therefore the government of the Ming Dynasty the Tibetan frontier. The Ming government strategy in many business here in the first trial, and then extended to the whole area. Therefore, the Ming government set up the East mainland in hetaomin region west of North Tibet, Dagan cool, South to the Sichuan traffic network. In Ming Dynasty, hetaomin area has been the imperial envoy and Tibet, Tibet tribute envoys exchanges, the Ming Dynasty of Tibetan military forces, an important channel of Sino Tibetan tea horse trade. This is not only to strengthen the control of hetaomin region, it is more important for the Ming Dynasty business The Tibetan area provides convenience and strengthens the link between the Tibetan and the mainland.
This paper is divided into five parts of the traffic in hetaomin region were systematically discussed:
The introduction part, mainly expounds the research background, the research content of this paper, the related research contents, research objectives and research methods. In this paper, the importance of Taomin area in Ming Dynasty River and particularity based on the quasi specific direction of the transport routes in the region, an important site, along the road condition, traffic conditions, traffic capacity, aspect social influence is discussed. At the same time, the data sources for this study are briefly introduced.
The first chapter, the natural environment situation in hetaomin region, ethnic composition and evolution and changes of administrative divisions. Hetaomin region is located in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, the Loess Plateau, the transition zone of Longnan mountain, since ancient times is different ethnic and tribal relations. The history channel, Han, Qiang, Di, Tuguhun, Tibet Mongolia, Hui nationality has evolved here, ethnic structure is very complex. When entering Central Plains, while zoning and rule, the counties; and when minorities become the ruler of this region, most of their king, are not connected. Therefore, the administrative division in hetaomin region with Dynasty change constantly changes. The special natural environment in hetaomin region, ethnic composition and changes of administrative divisions it created a special and important strategic position, and is valued by the central dynasties.
The second chapter, taking literature as the basis, on the basis of on-the-spot investigation, restoration of the Ming Dynasty in hetaomin region traffic network. In Ming Dynasty, hetaomin region Ming Dynasty business in the bridgehead, compared with the previous generation, a more important strategic position. Therefore, the Ming government attaches great importance to the region's transportation construction flood. Wu, Ming Dynasty on the territory of hetaomin built inn. Yongle to Xuande, resumed in Tibet Road from the river. Since then, extensive transportation network in hetaomin region is basically formed.
The third chapter, from the envoy, tribute trade, tea horse trade, military activities and other aspects of the use of traffic in hetaomin region in Ming Dynasty. The hetaomin region Tibet envoy can be divided into central government officials, ambassadors, monks envoys, hetaomin local officer envoy. In the early Ming Dynasty, the river Taomin area in Beijing is a tributary of the necessary land, hetaomin there are many local tribal leaders and monks in Beijing. The tribute in Ming Dynasty, hetaomin region direct is an important place for Tibetan tea horse trade. Finally, the hetaomin region of three typical military activities.
The fourth chapter discusses the transportation construction in hetaomin region significance. Mainly from two aspects: the Ming Dynasty in hetaomin region traffic construction impact on the region; the Ming Dynasty hetaomin transportation construction management plays an important role in Tibetan areas in the Ming.

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K248;F512.9

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