蒙元王朝初期的佛道之争

发布时间：2018-01-02 03:15

本文关键词：蒙元王朝初期的佛道之争　出处：《兰州大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：蒙元王朝时期,中国境内最活跃的两个宗教当属佛教和道教。为了成为帝国境内地位最高的宗教,两支宗教进行了长达约三十年的争辩。初期,在成吉思汗的扶植下,以丘处机为首的全真教在河北地区迅速成长,在帝国中的影响也越来越大,但是随着全真教的势力的增长,其教众对佛教的欺压也不断加剧。最终,少林雪庭福裕在蒙哥汗面前状告全真教,从而揭开了长达近三十年的佛道之争。由于此时的全真教势力过于强大,引起了蒙元统治者的戒心。所以,在蒙古贵族的帮助下,藏传佛教高僧八思巴的努力下,在关键的开平城之辩中,佛教成功地战胜了道教。以此次辩论为标志,佛教开始取代道教成为帝国中地位最高的宗教。由于蒙元王朝实行的是宗教信仰自由政策,所以在道教辩论失败后并没有被取缔。相反,道教中的一些教派仍然与蒙元王室有着密切往来。但是这一时期,藏传佛教已经取代所有教派而成为蒙元王朝的第一宗教。此外藏传佛教的跋扈程度相比于当初的全真教,有过之而无不及,但是蒙元统治者却始终没有采取有效措施来制止藏传佛教的一些不良行为,反而对其是愈加放纵,而最终对蒙元王朝的政治和经济都造成了十分消极的影响。
[Abstract]:The two most active religions in China during the Mongolian and Yuan dynasties were Buddhism and Taoism. In order to become the highest religion in the empire, the two religions were debated for about 30 years. In the early years, under the support of Genghis Khan, Quan Zhen, headed by Qiu, grew rapidly in Hebei and had more and more influence in the empire, but with the growth of the power of Quanzhen. Finally, Shaolin Xueting Fuyu sued Quanzhen religion in front of Montgor Khan, thus uncovering nearly 30 years of struggle between Buddhism and Taoism. At this time, Quanzhen religion was too powerful. Therefore, with the help of Mongolian aristocrats, with the efforts of the Tibetan Buddhist monk Basiba, Buddhism succeeded in defeating Taoism in the key debate of Kaiping City. Buddhism began to replace Taoism as the highest religion in the empire. Because the mongol dynasty carried out the policy of freedom of religious belief, it was not outlawed after the failure of the Taoist debate. On the contrary, some sects in Taoism still had close contact with the monarch royal family. Tibetan Buddhism has replaced all sects as the first religion of the Mongol and Yuan Dynasty. In addition, Tibetan Buddhism is more domineering than the original holism. However, the rulers of the Mongolian and Yuan dynasties have never taken effective measures to stop some bad behaviors of Tibetan Buddhism, on the contrary, they have become more indulgent and have a very negative impact on the politics and economy of the Mongol and Yuan dynasties.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K247

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