试析明代中后期的财政与物价民生（1521-1644）

发布时间：2018-01-02 17:31

本文关键词：试析明代中后期的财政与物价民生（1521-1644）　出处：《华中师范大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：与记述史料所反映出来的社会经济发展动向不同，物价资料所显示的是一种看似毫无规律涨涨落落变幻无常的曲线而已。然而，物价资料其实从未仅仅如它表面所显示出来的那样简单，它的每一次涨落都对当时的社会经济产生了影响或者换句话说它是社会经济波动的产物，而它的涨与落都是社会经济发生变动后的结果。说到物价史的研究，人们或许会认为这仅仅是一种统计与整理的过程。我在这里写这篇文章，并不想仅仅局限于统计、整理这样的方法，而是想探讨通过物价这个角度去研究能否在原始资料中发现新的问题。由于时间以及本人自身能力的不足，我在此仅能从一些有限的物价、财政资料中寻找一些规律，并将研究时间局限在明代中后期，同时也是解除笔者自身对于明代官员有名的“低俸”所产生的社会大环境的疑惑。由于地域性和时间跨度等问题，笔者将从整体简要分析当时的经济物价状况。与物价不可分割的则是这一时期的财政状况，由于中央政府在不同时期的财政政策、税收的变化，，物价在某种程度上反映了这种税收情况以及政策的制定，而税收的结果也能从一个侧面反映出这一时期的物价民生经济状况。两者是紧密相连的，在我们探讨明中后期的物价经济就不得不关注那一时期的财政政策的执行以及他的税收，当它的税收情况与物价的波动相符合时，这个时期的财政政策我们可以称之为是符合当时实际情况的。一旦出现矛盾，则可以看出这一时期的财政出现了问题，并将导致各种社会问题的产生。财政税收的状况以及物价水平的高低亦能反映出此时明王朝社会经济的发展状况，对于此时所产生的各种社会问题、社会矛盾都能有个较为清楚的认识。因此，笔者从财政与物价这两方面着手，力图立体、直观的还原明中后期的经济情况，分析此时所产生各种社会问题的必然性以及规律性，以简洁明了的方式呈现出当时的社会经济状况以及人民百姓的基本生活状态。我个人将其总结为一个社会的经济、民生规律，这个规律简称为“一二二一”规律。即：“一”一个稳定的政府才成税收来源；“二”1、国家财政足以支撑政权的正常运转。2、民众生活收入足以支撑生存生活；“二”1、官员“傣禄”不可过低，要足够生活。2、官员俸禄水平民众可以接受，不可过高；“一”一个贫富悬殊不影响到人们的心理底线就是保持社会经济稳定的重要条件，否之则带来社会经济的不稳定。
[Abstract]:Different economic and social development trend from historical data reflected, shows that the price data is a seemingly regular rise and fall of the curve only changing all the time. However, the price data is never just as it surface is shown as simple, every time its fluctuations are on the social and economic impact in other words it is a product of social and economic fluctuations, and it's up and down after a change are social and economic results. Speaking of the history of prices, people may think that this is just a statistical and finishing process. Here I am writing this article, do not want to be limited to statistics, finishing this way, but to explore this perspective through the price to study the possibility of new problems found in the original data. Due to lack of time and my own ability, I can only from some limited The price, to find some rules of financial data, and limitations of the study period in late Ming Dynasty, but also relieve the social environment arising from the author's own officials for the Ming Dynasty, the famous "low salary" doubts. Because of the geographical and time span and other issues, the author will briefly analysis from the overall economic price situation at that time.
And the price is inseparable during this period of financial situation, because the central government in different periods of fiscal policy, tax changes, the price reflects the development of the tax and policy to a certain extent, but the tax results can reflect this period the price of the livelihood and economic situation from one side. The two are closely linked, in our study in the late Ming and the price we have to pay attention to economic execution and his tax of the period of fiscal policy, when the tax and price fluctuations consistent with it, this period of fiscal policy we can call is in line with the actual situation at that time. Once the contradiction, you can see that this period of financial problems, and will lead to various social problems. The fiscal and tax status and the level of the price level also reflects the Ming Dynasty society The development status of the economy, the social problems caused by the social contradictions, can have a more clear understanding. Therefore, the author started from the financial and price of these two aspects to three-dimensional, the economic situation in the late Ming direct reduction, the analysis of all kinds of social problems arising inevitability and regularity in a concise manner, showing the social and economic situation at that time, people's basic living conditions.
I will summarize it as a social economy, people's livelihood rules, this rule is referred to as the "1221 rules". Namely: "one" as a stable source of tax revenue the government; "two" 1, the normal operation of the.2 national finance to support the regime of the people's life income sufficient to support life; "two" 1 officials, "salary" is not low enough to live.2, people can accept the official salary level, can not be too high; "a" a disparity does not affect people's psychological bottom line is to maintain social and economic stability of the important conditions, whether the economy will lead to social instability.

【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K248

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