司马迁政治思想探究

发布时间：2018-01-03 05:42

本文关键词：司马迁政治思想探究　出处：《中国政法大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：《史记》,作为汉武帝时代的历史巨著,从文化的角度折射出汉家气象,司马迁亦以其艰苦卓绝的著史精神和光辉卓识的思想名垂后世。自《史记》问世后,历朝历代研究《史记》的学者多不胜数,有关《史记》的著述也是汗牛充栋。直到近代,此风不减,但对《史记》的研究大多限于史学和文学领域,对司马迁的思想研究所占分量较少,且划分为政治、经济、军事、哲学、美学等条块进行研究,司马迁的思想难以窥其全貌。对此,本文试图从司马迁为《史记》定位的两大宗旨来对司马迁的思想做一整体梳理。司马迁在《报仁安书》中,将著述《史记》的目的概括为“究天人之际,通古今之变,成一家之言”,因此,《史记》所阐述的思想集中在天人、古今两个方面。而天人、古今思想则源于汉武帝时特殊的时代背景。就天人关系而言,汉武帝时期为了重新构建汉家的神学体系,掀起了大规模的天人关系讨论,出现了董仲舒的天人感应理论,司马迁的“究天人之际”正源于此,并且吸收了当时流行的阴阳五行学说和董仲舒的天人感应理论,将其融入到史学中,形成了自己的天道观。就古今之变而言,一是来自于汉初对秦亡汉兴的历史变动探讨,二是基于汉武帝时期严重的社会矛盾,希望通过对古今之变的探究,为汉家提供借鉴。故而,司马迁的思想包括两个方面,一方面是“究天人之际”形成的天道观,“究天人之际”的“天”有两层含义,一种是自然意义上的天,一种是宗教神学意义上的天,这两种天是相互联系的,在天和人地位中,天是起着决定性作用的。其次,天人之间存在着感应关系,这又分为两个方面,一是上天示象,显示天意,这主要通过天象、祥瑞、灾异、梦异、卜筮等方法实现;二是上应天命,主要有祭祀、改制、封禅等。另一方面是“通古今之变”形成的历史观和王道观。司马迁采纳了邹衍的五德终始理论,将整个历史看作一个循环的过程,在历史循环的大框架下,注重一定历史时期内的“承敝通变”和“法后王”。在孔子的王道文化的感召下,司马迁探究历史治乱兴衰,形成了王道观,王道观的内容主要包括正名实、礼让、任贤、讽谏、吏治和兵事。
[Abstract]:< > as historical records, Emperor Wudi of Han history work, reflects the Chinese Meteorological from a cultural perspective, Sima Qian also to the history of the extremely hard and bitter spirit and glorious vision of thought. Since < > memory records after the advent of < > dynasties records of numerous scholars, the relevant historical writings is < > an immense number of books. Until recently, the wind is not decreased, but the study of historical records is mostly limited to < > and the history of literature, research on Sima Qian's ideology of proportion is less, and divided into political, economic, military, philosophy, aesthetics, namely research, Sima Qian's thought is difficult to see the whole picture. Therefore, this article attempts from Sima Qian the purpose of the two "Historical Records > to the positioning of the thought of Sima Qian as a whole comb. Sima Qian in the newspaper. In the book < >, < > the purpose of historical writings will be summarized as" the combination of heaven with man, through the change of ancient and modern, as a result, the words "," History Remember the thoughts on the "heaven and man, the two aspects of ancient and modern thoughts and heaven, is derived from the Han Dynasty special background. The relationship between heaven and man, the Emperor Han period in order to rebuild the theological system set off a large-scale discussion of the relationship between heaven and man, the theory of interaction between heaven and man Dong Zhongshu. Sima Qian's" the combination of heaven with man "is derived from this, and absorbed the theory of interaction between heaven and man the popular theory of Yin Yang and five elements and Dong Zhongshu, into its history, has formed its own view of heaven. You know the change, one is to discuss from the early Han Dynasty of Qin Han Xing dead historical change, two is Chinese Wudi serious social conflicts based on the hope that by exploring the changes of the past and present, provide a reference for the Chinese. Therefore, Sima Qian's thought includes two aspects, one is" the combination of heaven with man "form the view of nature," The combination of heaven with man "" heaven "has two meanings, one is the nature of the day is a religious theology sense of the day, the two day is related to each other, and in the days of status, day plays a decisive role. Secondly, the inductive relationship exists between the heaven and human. It is divided into two aspects, one is shown as God, show this Providence, mainly through the sky, auspicious, calamity, dream, realize the divination method; two is on the destiny, mainly worship, restructuring, Fengshan. On the other hand is" through the change of ancient and modern history and the formation of "king view. Sima Qian adopted Zou Yan's five virtues theory, the whole history as a cyclical process, in the framework of historical cycle, focusing on a certain historical period" for my change "and" law after the king ". In the appeal of Confucius's King Sima Qian culture, explore the historical rise and fall. Form King Wang Daoguan's view, mainly including positive comity, name, Ren Xian, satire, and military officials.

【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K234.1

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