清代东北贡貂制度研究

发布时间：2018-01-04 06:19

本文关键词：清代东北贡貂制度研究　出处：《辽宁师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：“贡貂赏乌林”制度是清朝时对东北地区边疆少数民族实行有效管理的一项重要决策。这一制度实施多年，卓有成效。它虽然是清统治者强化封建统治，驾驭少数民族的一条国策，但在客观上对巩固东北边疆，维护国家统一，还是起到了一定作用。但随着后期沙俄的侵略，强占了东北地区大部分土地，严重破坏了我国领土主权，“贡貂赏乌林”制度也开始发生了根本性的变化。本文以清代贡貂制度为中心，通过分析认为贡貂制度的创制主要是清朝为维护东北边疆地区的统治，在具体实施贡貂时，清政府制定了相应的规定，并专门设立相关的衙门管理贡貂事务，，并对这些边民进行划分管治。而贡貂制度的性质则是为了强调少数民族对清政府的臣属关系，政治意义要大于经济意义，主要是表示各民族对清政府统治的承认，而清政府也在他们贡貂的同时给予相应的赏赐，就是为达到“仁抚远民”的效果，清政府与这些边疆部族的关系也由开始的武力征服到后来的怀柔羁縻，有效地维护了边疆的稳定。文中还单独提到了猎貂对当地自然环境的影响以及对生物多样性的破坏，而自然环境的被破坏又反过来作用于人们，形成恶性循环，以至于貂的数量急剧减少。但当时清政府对貂皮的需要则是一如既往，再加上清末时帝国主义的侵略，沙俄强占了当时大部分贡貂的地区，从而也就造成了清末时贡貂难，好貂少的局面，而清政府也无力提供对贡貂者的赏赐，所以贡貂制度再无法执行下去而被废止。由此可见，贡貂制度从开始的大力执行到后期的无力执行都与当时的形势有着密切的联系。贡貂制度在清代对边疆造成的环境影响以及整个东北地区生态环境的变迁过程，对现代的环境问题具有一定的教育意义，我们从中也吸取了相关的经验及教训，为我们进行现代化建设也有一定的启示作用，任何发展都不能以牺牲环境为代价，要为长远利益做打算。通过对贡貂制度的研究，也使我们对当时的政治，经济，社会文化等历史实态有一定的了解，形成更深刻的认识。
[Abstract]:"Tribute mink receive silk" system is the implementation of an important decision of the effective management of the northeast frontier minority in Qing Dynasty. This system is implemented for many years, although it is very fruitful. The Qing rulers strengthened the feudal rule, a control policy of ethnic minorities, but the objective of consolidating the frontier and safeguarding national unity, or played a certain role. But with the later invasion of Russia occupied the Northeast most of the land, serious damage to China's territorial sovereignty, "a tribute mink silk" system also began to change fundamentally. The tribute mink system in the Qing Dynasty as the center, through the analysis that the creation of tribute mink is a system the Qing Dynasty for the maintenance of the northeast frontier rule, in the specific implementation of Gong mink, the Qing government enacted provisions, and set up special government affairs management and related tribute mink, division of these border governance While nature tribute mink system is to emphasize the minority of the Qing government's relations, political significance is greater than the economic significance is mainly expressed for each nation that the Qing Dynasty, the Qing government also in their tribute mink while giving the corresponding reward, is to achieve "Ren Fuyuan people" the effect between Qing government and the frontier tribes from the beginning of the conquest to the later Huairou control, effectively safeguarding the stability of the border areas. The paper also singled out the influence of hunting Mink on the local natural environment and the destruction of biodiversity, and the destruction of the natural environment in turn people. Form a vicious spiral, so that the sharp decrease in the number of mink. But at that time, the Qing government of mink is as in the past, coupled with the imperialist aggression, Russia occupied most of the time the tribute mink region, thus It is caused by the end of the Qing Dynasty tribute mink mink less difficult, good situation, the Qing government is unable to provide the reward of tribute mink, mink and so tribute to be implemented and the system was abolished. Thus, from the beginning of the tribute mink system implement to the later unable to implement with the situation there close contact. Changes in the process of contributing marten system in environmental impact of Qing Dynasty on the frontier caused and the northeast region of the ecological environment, has a certain significance to the education of modern environmental problems, we also learn from the experience and lessons learned related, for our modernization construction have certain enlightenment, any development are not at the expense of the environment, to plan for the long-term interests. Through the research on the system of tribute mink, also make us on the political, economic, social and cultural history of the actual state of a certain understanding, forming a better understanding.

【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K249;D691

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