“两淮预提盐引案”与清中期盐政吏治之关系研究

发布时间：2018-01-05 22:13

本文关键词：“两淮预提盐引案”与清中期盐政吏治之关系研究　出处：《陕西师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文主要通过讨论清代的三大贪污案之一,也是最大的经济犯罪案件“两淮预提盐引案”来论述清朝盐法制度与清代中期的吏治问题。清王朝缔造了康乾盛世,但同时,在也伴随着其政府衙门机构的腐朽堕落,自乾隆三十三年发生两淮盐政高恒、普福和盐运使卢见曾大肆贪污的震惊朝野的两淮预提盐引案以后,乾隆皇帝虽然予以严厉制裁并加强了官员监察制度,但贪污案件却还是时有发生,大案要案频出触目惊心。按照常理,对于初始的贪污案件,严惩不贷,应该收到良好的效果,为何乾隆帝的铁腕治贪反而收效甚微呢,究其原因,根源就是封建专制制度,本文就此问题主要从清朝的盐官制度、盐商现象、吏治改革及效果、官员的选拔制度、官员监察制度和惩处的收效等方面进行分析。本文以对清代两淮盐业有着重大影响的两淮预提盐引案的相关研究情况为切入点,前辈学者对两淮预提盐引案的研究非常多,对此案涉及的历史背景、发生原因研究也相当深入,但是围绕两淮预提盐引案的政治问题、管理问题展开的研究却并不多,因此围绕着具体对象和具体事务就有了研究的必要。同时借由两淮预提盐引案来分析清代中期的盐政律令与吏治的相关状况与弊端对后世也具有借鉴意义。因此需要简要介绍两淮预提盐引案发生的社会背景,当时的统治体系,人民的生活状况以及两淮预提盐引案发生的一些细节,对以往的一些学说做了考辩和分析,认为造成两淮预提盐引案发生有着其内在的社会原因,有整个政治环境的原因,还有历史文化的原因以及商人自身动机的因素等。之后,通过分析清朝的盐法制度,探寻两淮预提盐引案发生的制度上的漏洞和原因,让今人能够了解当时境况,从中吸取教训。透析盐政腐败的吏治原因。以及两淮预提盐引案发生的深层次原因。清朝沿袭了明代的低俸禄制度,以至于官员难以维持生计,贪腐成风,但监察失效,奢靡之风蔓延最终导致清朝灭亡对今后中国的吏治都有借鉴的价值和意义。其结构主要就是以预提盐引案为引,折射出清中期的盐政制度问题,即吏治问题和监察手段的漏洞。并从各个方面分析统治阶级的吏治整饬态度,以及最终导致的结果和影响。探读本文明确两淮预提盐引案对两淮盐业的影响,随着两淮预提盐引案的处理,暴露出的制度和吏治问题。以及最终影响两淮盐务渐渐走向了衰败的巨贪案件,凸显出的各层次之间的矛盾。最终的处理结果存在怎样的遗留问题才使得清代末期的官场更加腐败,成为清王朝的逐渐衰落的众多因素之一
[Abstract]:This paper discusses one of the three corruption cases in the Qing Dynasty, is also the largest economic crime case "two Huai River withholding salt cited case" to discuss the salt law system and administrative problems in the middle of Qing Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty created the Kangxi and Qianlong, but at the same time, the government is also accompanied by the bureaucratic mechanism decadent, since two Huai salt Gao Heng thirty-three years after Qian Long, Pufu and makeyan Yun Lu Jianzeng wantonly corruption shocked the government two Huai River withholding salt cited case, although emperor Qian Long give severe punishment and strengthen the supervision system of officials, but corruption cases still occur, frequent major cases shocking. According to common sense, for the initial cases of corruption. Should be punished, received good results, why the Emperor Qianlong of the iron fisted rule of greed but with little success, the reason is the root of the feudal autocratic system, this paper mainly from the Qing Dynasty salt The official system, merchants phenomenon, official administration reform and the effect of the official selection system, supervision system and punishment with officials and other aspects of analysis.
Based on the Qing Dynasty two Huai salt industry has a significant impact on the related two Huai River withholding salt cited case as the starting point, many senior scholars to study two Huai River withholding salt cited case, in the case of the historical background, causes the research is quite thorough, but around two Huai salt cited the case of the pre study on the management issues of political issues, but not much, so focus on specific objects and specific issues there is a need to study. The situation at the same time by the two Huai River withholding salt cited case to analyze salt regulation and bureaucracy in the mid Qing Dynasty and defects on later reference. So we need to introduce two Huai River withholding lead case in the social background, the ruling system, some of the details of people's living conditions and two Huai River withholding salt cited case, some of the previous theories do textual research and analysis, that resulted in two pre Huai salt The occurrence of the case has its inherent social reasons, the reasons for the whole political environment, the reasons for the historical culture and the factors of the merchant's own motives.
Then, through the analysis of salt law system of the Qing Dynasty, exploring the two vulnerabilities and causes Huai River withholding salt cited case in the system, so that we can understand the situation, learn from it. The reason of dialysis salt corruption. The deep-seated reasons and two Huai River withholding salt cited case in the Qing Dynasty followed the Ming Dynasty. Low salary system that officials are difficult to maintain the livelihood of corruption, but the failure of wasteful spread eventually led to the demise of the Qing Dynasty in the future China officials have reference value and significance. Its structure is mainly by withholding salt cited the case cited salt administration system of refraction the mid Qing Dynasty, namely, officials and monitoring the means of vulnerability. And analysis of the ruling class in the attitude from various aspects, and ultimately lead to the result and effect.
The effect of reading this clear two Huai withholding salt cited the case of two salt, with two Huai River withholding salt cited case, the official system and the problems exposed. And the final effect of two salt gradually towards the decline of the corruption case, the contradiction between the various levels of highlights. The final results are left how to make the end of the Qing Dynasty officialdom corruption has become one of the many factors of the gradual decline of the Qing Dynasty

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K249;F426.82

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