《韩非子》与秦汉政治文化建构

发布时间：2018-01-21 04:21

本文关键词： 《韩非子》秦汉势法术　出处：《郑州大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：《韩非子》把战国前期的法、术、势三家思想结合起来,建立起一套完整的法家思想体系,认为法、术、势三者都是国君统治的重要手段。《韩非子》法家思想为统一的中央集权封建国家的建立提供了理论依据,在秦汉王朝的政治文化建构中起着无可替代的作用。正如《韩非子》强调用人,秦国历代君主都注重任用客卿,从商鞅变法开始法家思想就在秦国统治思想中居于主导地位。到了秦始皇统一六国,以《韩非子》法家学说为理论基础建立了我国历史上第一个封建君主专制中央集权的国家,秦代的统治思想全面法家化。秦始皇去世后秦二世胡亥改变了秦始皇时的政策重新制定了更为残酷的律令,放权于赵高导致“势”的转移,致使一代强国步入没落。秦亡以后建立的汉王朝依然是一种高度法家化的政权,汉初用黄老思想掩盖《韩非子》法家思想,汉武帝以后又开始使用儒学来缘饰法家思想。汉代儒学经过董仲舒的改造接受了法家君臣观,确立了“君为臣纲”为主的“三纲”思想,这源于《韩非子》法家“臣事君,子事父,妻事夫”的思想,被汉武帝作为统治工具的“儒术”与先秦时的儒学已大不相同。《韩非子》思想中尊崇君主权力实现专制主义集权的方法和思想一直伴随着汉王朝的历史发展,继续加强着皇权的统治使君权达到了一个前所未有的高度,这种阳儒阴法的政治模式影响了秦汉以后历代王朝的政治文化建构。
[Abstract]:"Han Feizi" combines the three schools of thought of the early warring States period, namely, law, art, and power, and establishes a complete ideological system of legalism, thinking of law and art. "Han Feizi" Legalist thought provided a theoretical basis for the establishment of a unified centralized feudal country. It played an irreplaceable role in the construction of the political culture of the Qin and Han dynasties. Just as Han Feizi emphasized the use of personnel, the emperors of the Qin Dynasty paid attention to the appointment of Ke Qing. From the reform of Shang Yang, the thought of legalism occupied a dominant position in the ruling thought of Qin Dynasty, and then Qin Shihuang unified the six countries. Based on the Legalist theory of Hanfeizi, the first feudal autocratic and centralized state was established in the history of China. After the death of Qin Shihuang, the second Emperor of Qin Dynasty changed the policies of Qin Shihuang and reformulated more cruel laws and decrees, which led to the transfer of "power" by Zhao Gao. A generation of powerful nations fell into decline. The Han Dynasty established after the Qin Dynasty was still a highly legalistic regime. In the beginning of the Han Dynasty, Huang Lao thought was used to cover up "Han Fei Zi" Legalist thought. Han Wu Emperor began to use Confucianism to decorate the thought of Legalists. After the transformation of Dong Zhongshu, Confucianism of the Han Dynasty accepted the concept of monarch and minister of the Legalist School, and established the "three principles" thought of "King as subject". This originates from the thought of the Legalists "the minister is the king, the son is the father, the wife is the husband". Confucianism, which was used as a ruling tool by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, is very different from Confucianism in the pre-Qin period. The method and thought of respecting the monarch power to realize autocracy in the thought of "Han Fei Zi" has always been accompanied by the historical development of the Han Dynasty. The continued strengthening of the rule of imperial power made the monarchy reach an unprecedented height, and the political model of Yang, Confucianism and Yin influenced the construction of political culture of successive dynasties after Qin and Han dynasties.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：B226.5;K232

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