明代官方农贷研究

发布时间：2018-01-24 21:28

本文关键词： 明代官方农贷预备仓赈贷偿还　出处：《西北农林科技大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在中国传统社会中,历代统治者都有向处于维生边缘的贫农提供粮食、牛、种等生活、生产资料的借贷行为,以保障他们的基本生存需求及推动农业生产的稳定持续发展。传统官方农贷不以盈利为目的,而是追求政治、社会效益最大化,以达到稳定政权、巩固统治的目的。明代官方农贷在政府主导下,历经了洪、永年间的创制;仁、宣时期的高速发展;正统至嘉靖年间的低效运作及万历至崇祯年间的消亡等几个历史时期。为了保障农贷制度的实施,明王朝构建了系统完备的农贷管理体系,配以监察、考满等监督机制,保障了农贷的有效、顺畅运行。明代官方农贷发放的时间、地域性特征都较为明显。预备仓是农贷职能的主要承担者,但明代中后期以来地方预备仓储日渐空虚,因此,国家农贷的赈放开始依赖国库、内帑、地方社仓、义仓等仓库以及其他钱粮相兼赈贷。农贷运行中也不可避免的遭遇一些困境、弊病,如农贷赈放链条过长造成农贷发放迟缓,贫民无力偿还借粮造成仓储无粮不能持续运转,官司、蠹吏怠政贪墨造成最需要粮的贫民得不到赈济,国家仓储无粮、国库空虚无力维持官方农贷等。因此,国家农贷在发展过程中出现性质异化、效率损失、职能下移等面貌。但总体而言,明代官方农贷保证了贫民生命安全,降低了农村死亡率,保障了农村劳动力;维持了农业的持续再生产;具有巩固统治的作用。
[Abstract]:In the traditional Chinese society, the rulers of past dynasties have provided food, cattle, seeds and other living and production materials to the poor peasants who are on the edge of subsistence. In order to ensure their basic survival needs and promote the stable and sustainable development of agricultural production. Traditional official agricultural loans do not aim at profit, but pursue political and social benefits maximization in order to achieve a stable regime. Under the guidance of the government, the official agricultural loans of the Ming Dynasty went through the creation of Hong and Yongnian; Benevolence, the rapid development of the propaganda period; In order to ensure the implementation of agricultural loan system, the Ming Dynasty constructed a systematic and complete agricultural loan management system, accompanied by supervision. Inspection and other supervision mechanisms to ensure the effective and smooth operation of agricultural loans. The time of the official agricultural loans issued in Ming Dynasty, regional characteristics are more obvious. The reserve warehouse is the main bearer of the function of agricultural loans. But since the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the local reserve storage became empty, so the relief of the national agricultural loan began to rely on the state treasury, money, local social warehouse. The operation of agricultural loans inevitably encountered some difficulties, such as too long chain of relief for agricultural loans, which resulted in slow distribution of agricultural loans. Poor people unable to repay grain loans caused storage without grain can not continue to operate, litigation, officials, corruption and corruption caused by poor people most in need of grain can not be relief, the state storage without grain, the empty treasury is unable to maintain official agricultural loans, and so on. In the process of the development of the national agricultural loan, the dissimilation of nature, the loss of efficiency and the downshift of function appeared. But in general, the official agricultural loan of the Ming Dynasty ensured the life safety of the poor, reduced the rural mortality rate and ensured the rural labor force. Sustained agricultural reproduction; It has the function of consolidating the rule.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K248

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