两汉中尉（执金吾）研究

发布时间：2018-02-09 03:11

本文关键词： 两汉中尉执金吾　出处：《鲁东大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中尉、执金吾作为两汉时期的列卿之一,不仅在京师卫戍系统中占据重要地位,而且是两汉中央武装力量的重要统领者,在两汉政治舞台上也曾扮演过重要角色,因此,历来受到学者的重视。经历代学者特别是近代以来的学者的不懈努力,有关中尉、执金吾的研究业已取得相当不错的成绩。不过,在有关中尉、执金吾的缘起、演变、职能、秩级、选任等一些问题上并非题无剩义,还需要作进一步研究。本文以新出土的张家山汉简等简牍资料及相关的封泥、印章资料与《史记》《汉书》《后汉书》《续汉书·百官志》等传世文献相结合,并在前贤时彦已有成果的基础上,就有关中尉、执金吾的诸多方面展开再研究,提出:中尉之职是由春秋时的晋国之中军尉演变、分化而来;作为专用武职名号的中尉则始于战国时期的赵国。两汉中尉与执金吾虽确系同一官职的不同名称,但武帝太初元年中尉更名执金吾后,其职能有所变化,其中最大的变化是执金吾不再像中尉那样统领北军;东汉执金吾可领禁兵远程作战,其野战职能有所加强。本文还提出:中尉秩级在西汉之初为二千石,景帝与武帝太初元年之间升为中二千石,并非一直是二千石或中二千石;自武帝太初元年至东汉末,执金吾的秩级一直为中二千石,并非有学者所说的东汉执金吾秩级为比二千石。两汉中尉和执金吾均置府,有属官:西汉中尉的属官有两丞、两候、两司马、两千人,其两丞的秩级或为八百石,其余候、司马、千人均为六百石;西汉执金吾有丞,秩千石;其余属官有中垒令、寺互令、武库令、都船四令,秩均为六百石;又中垒有一丞、两尉,寺互有一丞,武库、都船有三丞,秩均为三百石。另外,又有式道左候、式道右候、式道中候,秩均为六百石,式道左右中候丞,秩为三百石;又有左辅都尉、右辅都尉以及京辅都尉、候丞之兵卒皆属执金吾统领。东汉执金吾也置丞,秩比千石。始皇之后就已具有缴巡京师之职能。西汉初年主要以跟随刘邦出征为主,西汉中期尤其武帝时期主要以维护京城治安、管理刑狱为主,刑狱占据大量的比重。西汉中尉的选任,最初主要是以随刘邦起兵的武将为主,文景至武帝太初元年以地方官吏为主;西汉执金吾的选任则逐渐倾向于从中央官中选取;东汉执金吾的选任,前期以武将为主,中期以后则以外戚为多,而且平均任期为3年。
[Abstract]:The lieutenant, as one of the Qing 茅 h 茅 es in the Han Dynasty, not only occupied an important position in the garrison system of the capital division, but also played an important role in the political stage of the Han Dynasty, as well as the important leader of the Central Armed Forces of the Han Dynasty. Has always been attached importance to by scholars. Through the unremitting efforts of scholars, especially those in modern times, the research on lieutenant and enforcer has made quite good achievements. However, in the field of lieutenant, the origin, evolution, and function of Kim Woo, Some problems, such as rank, selection, etc., are not without meaning, and need to be further studied. In this paper, we use the newly unearthed bamboo slips such as Zhangjiashan Han slips and other relevant mud sealing materials. The seal materials are combined with the historical documents such as "the Book of the Han", "the Book of the Han later", "continued Han Shu 路100 officials" and so on, and on the basis of the achievements of former Xian Shiyan, he makes a further study on many aspects of lieutenant and enforcer. It was put forward that the post of lieutenant was evolved and divided from the period of the Spring and Autumn period in the State of Jin, and that the first lieutenant, as a special military officer, began in the period of the warring States period, and that the first lieutenant of the Han Dynasty and the second lieutenant of the Han Dynasty did indeed belong to the same official position as different names. But after Emperor Wu's first lieutenant changed his name to Jin Wu in the first year, his functions changed, the biggest of which was that he no longer led the Northern Army as a lieutenant. This paper also suggests that the rank rank of lieutenant was 2,000 stone in the early Western Han Dynasty, 2,000 stone was raised between King Emperor and Emperor Wu too early in the first year, not always 2,000 stone or 2,000 stone, from the first year of the first year of Wu Emperor to the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the rank rank of lieutenant rank was 2,000 stone in the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, but not always 2,000 stone or 2,000 stone in the first year of the first year. The rank of enforcer has always been 2,000 stone, not the rank of 2,000 stone referred to by scholars in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Lieutenant of the Han Dynasty and Jin Wu of the two Han Dynasty both set up houses, there are subordinate officials: the subordinate officers of the Western Han Dynasty are two Cheng, two waiting, two Sima, and 2,000 people. The rank of the two branches is 800 stone, the rest, Sima, and thousands of people are 600 stone; in the Western Han Dynasty, the king Jin Wu has Cheng, and the rank thousand stone; the other officials have the order of middle base, the order of the temple, the order of the armoury, the rank of all the ships is 600 stone; and in the base of the western Han Dynasty, there is a stone, Two Wei, the temple each has a Cheng, Wuku, each boat has three Cheng, rank is 300 stone. In addition, there are style Road left, style Road right, style Road, the rank is 600 stone, around the style Road waiting Cheng, rank is 300 stone; and Zuo auxiliary du Wei, Youfu du Wei and Jing Fudu Lieutenant, Hou Cheng's soldiers and pawns were all under the command of Jin Wu. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Jin Wu was also led by Jin Wu, with a rank of thousands of stones. Since the beginning of the Emperor, he has had the function of handing over the tour of the capital. In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, he mainly followed Liu Bang to the expedition. In the middle of the Western Han Dynasty, especially in the period of Emperor Wu, the main purpose was to maintain public order in the capital, and to manage the prison, which accounted for a large proportion of the prison. The first choice of Lieutenant in the Western Han Dynasty was mainly composed of the generals who had started with Liu Bang. From Wen Jing to the first year of the first year of Emperor Wu, the local officials were the main officials; the election of the Western Han Dynasty was gradually inclined to choose from the central officials; the election of the Eastern Han Dynasty was dominated by military generals in the early period, and more on the outside after the middle period, and the average term of office was 3 years.
【学位授予单位】：鲁东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D691.42;K234

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