宋代津渡管理研究

发布时间：2018-02-10 10:01

本文关键词： 宋代津渡监渡买扑　出处：《安徽师范大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：宋代内河航运的发达,水路交通的便利,促进了经济文化的繁荣。而津渡作为水路交通的重要组成部分,被宋政府更加重视。为了加强对津渡的管理,宋政府设立了从中央到地方的一系列机构,特别是监渡官代表中央政府直接管理津渡,具体执行政府的政策。因此,宋政府非常重视监渡官的选任,并且制定一系列赏罚措施。总体而言,宋代津渡政策是由严格趋向宽松。津渡的经营模式分为官渡、买扑渡口、私渡。官渡由政府经营,买扑渡口由政府监督,私人经营,私渡则是政府从法律上禁止存在,但是实际上私自存在的渡口。这三种经营模式以政府管理为主,以买扑、私渡为辅。为了确保津渡政策的有效执行,宋政府从买牌上船、渡前检查、专一济渡、派使臣巡视等方面进行监督,并且制定了对监渡官和渡夫的奖励与惩罚的措施。根据宋代津渡性质类型的不同,津渡主要有四种功能作用:一、讥察奸细,防止透漏经济、军事情报。二、规范榷场贸易,防止走私违禁物。三、防止人口流失,维护国家稳定。四、收取渡钱,补充国家财政收入在宋代,出现了私人买扑方式经营津渡,这些人是地方上的有钱有势的乡绅,个别地方还出现了过渡不收费的义渡,渡夫的费用有当地乡绅支付,虽然数量很少,但是也说明了宋代地方上的乡绅已经开始参与了国家基层政权的管理。
[Abstract]:The development of inland river shipping and the convenience of waterway transportation in Song Dynasty promoted the prosperity of economy and culture. As an important part of waterway transportation, Jindu was paid more attention by the Song government. The Song government set up a series of institutions from the central government to the local level, especially the warden officials who directly managed the ferry service on behalf of the central government, and specifically implemented the government policy. Therefore, the Song government attached great importance to the selection and appointment of the imperial officers. And a series of reward and punishment measures were formulated. In general, the policy of Jindu in the Song Dynasty was strictly relaxed. The operating mode of Jindu was divided into three categories: Guandu, buying the ferry port, and the private ferry. The official ferry was operated by the government, the purchase of the ferry was supervised by the government, and the private management was carried out. Private ferry is a kind of ferry where the government forbids the existence but actually exists privately. These three management modes are mainly managed by the government and supplemented by buying and throwing. In order to ensure the effective implementation of the Tianjin ferry policy, the Song government supervised the purchase of licences and boarding of ships, pre-ferry inspection, exclusive assistance to the ferry, and emissaries' visits. According to the nature of the nature of Jindu in the Song Dynasty, Jindu has four main functions: first, to ridicule spies, to prevent the disclosure of economic information, and to prevent military intelligence; second, to regulate trade in the field. Prevent smuggling of contraband. Third, prevent population loss and maintain national stability. Fourth, collect money to supplement the state revenue. In the Song Dynasty, there was a private way of buying and throwing money to manage the Jindu. These people were rich and powerful local gentry. In some places, there was also a transitional fee free of charge. The Dufu's expenses were paid by the local squire, though in a small number. But it also shows that the local squire in the Song Dynasty has begun to participate in the management of the country's grassroots power.
【学位授予单位】：安徽师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K244

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