14-19世纪明清白银存量数据梳理

发布时间：2018-02-16 06:17

本文关键词： 明清白银贸易　出处：《东北师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：对于整个世界而言,15至17世纪是非常重要的历史时期。这一时期,欧洲人大规模的海外探险活动基本完成,美洲和非洲等地区开始纳入以欧洲为主导的世界贸易体系中。对中国而言,它同样是一个非常重要的历史时期。因为在16世纪中叶白银作为铜钱的辅助货币在市场上流通的历史结束了,转而成为中国的法定货币在市场上正式流通。明清时期,白银作为中国的法定货币在市场上流通,导致整个社会对白银的需求量大幅度增加。然而,由于中国国内银矿资源匮乏,白银产量不足以满足当时国内的需求,因而不得不寻求海外白银,这直接导致了白银成为中国明清时期最重要的进口品。通过对前人文献的梳理与分析,我们发现当时中国的白银主要来源于日本和美洲。我们通过对白银数据的梳理分析,可以粗略得出明清时期流入中国的日本白银为2亿两,美洲白银产量占当时世界的80%左右,而这些白银通过不同途径相当部分流入中国。海外白银大规模的流入,一方面满足了中国的白银需求,另一方面也促进了国家间和地区间的贸易。因而,白银作为法定流通货币对于整个世界贸易的发展起了不可替代的作用。基于上述对白银货币重要性的认识,本文在前人研究的基础上,分为三个章节来探讨明清时期的白银存量及对中国乃至世界经济的影响。第一章为明代白银,通过对明代白银产量和流入量的估计来估算整个明代的白银存量。第二章为清代白银,通过对清代白银产量、流入与流出量的估计来估算整个清代的白银产量。第三章通过明清时期白银数据的对比来探讨白银货币对中国经济乃至世界贸易的影响。
[Abstract]:For the world as a whole, 15-#date0# was a very important period in history, during which European large-scale overseas expeditions were largely completed. Regions such as the Americas and Africa are beginning to be integrated into the Europe-led world trading system. For China, It was also a very important historical period. Because in the middle of 16th century, the history of silver as a supplementary currency for copper money in the market ended, and it became the legal tender of China officially circulating on the market. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, Silver, as the legal currency of China, is circulating in the market, resulting in a large increase in the demand for silver in the whole society. However, due to the lack of silver resources in China, the silver production was not sufficient to meet the domestic demand at that time. Therefore, they had to seek overseas silver, which directly led to silver becoming the most important import in China during the Ming and Qing dynasties. We found that the silver in China at that time was mainly from Japan and the Americas. By combing and analyzing the silver data, we can roughly draw a rough conclusion that during the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were 200 million pairs of Japanese silver flowing into China, and the American silver production accounted for about 80% of the world at that time. On the one hand, the large-scale inflow of foreign silver meets China's silver demand, on the other hand, it also promotes inter-country and inter-regional trade. Silver, as a legal currency, plays an irreplaceable role in the development of world trade. It is divided into three chapters to discuss the silver stock in the Ming and Qing dynasties and its influence on China and the world economy. The first chapter is the silver of the Ming Dynasty. The silver stock of the whole Ming Dynasty was estimated by estimating the silver output and the inflow of silver in the Ming Dynasty. The second chapter was the silver production of the Qing Dynasty, and the second chapter was the silver production of the Qing Dynasty. The third chapter discusses the influence of silver currency on Chinese economy and world trade through the comparison of silver data during Ming and Qing dynasties.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K248

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