《太平经》与汉末社会

发布时间：2018-02-25 18:41

本文关键词： 《太平经》汉灵帝黄巾起义　出处：《曲阜师范大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 公元168年,汉灵帝刘宏即位时,东汉王朝的统治已是江河日下。党锢之祸损伤了朝廷人才的后备基础,而鸿都门学的设立则壮大了宦官的势力；作为封建统治思想支柱的天人感应神学日趋衰落、无法凝聚信仰；而在经济上,此时土地兼并日益严重,形成了以田庄为组织形式的大地主土地所有制,损害了国家赋税制度的基础。整个社会呈现出“荒政”无以为继、农民起义不断爆发、民族矛盾加深激化、世家大族离心离德、汉家宗室亦在思乱的危机局面。《太平经》的出现给予了汉灵帝一丝希望之光,经书中所表达的“治太平”、“三合相通”以及“和谐”的思想观念,对当时面临困境的汉灵帝而言,犹如天籁之音、救命良方。《太平经》一书思想内容的主线是“治太平”。该书将“天道观”作为“治太平”的总向导和根本依据,以奉天地、顺五行、调理阴阳、崇尚道德为其基本路径和方法,构建了其思想观念的基本框架。其中所阐扬的道德虽然主要还是三纲五常之类的封建伦理,但却有不少独到的看法,如提出了保护妇女权利的观点,主张男女平等,注重妇女情感和反对残害女性。当然也有“一男二女”等类似的荒谬主张。经书的造作者更多有贴近农民的思想,它提出了百姓“三实”的观点,并进而延伸出“财务共有”和“人人劳动”的主张。这些观点主张又为农民起义提供了思想前提,成为引发了黄巾起义的动因之一,也为日后的农民起义提供了可资借鉴的思想资源。所以,《太平经》不仅仅与统治者汉灵帝的治政措施有直接的关联,而且与被统治者下层人民的思想行为关系密切。探索《太平经》与汉末社会的关系不但有重要的史学价值,而且,思想与社会互动的研究对于今天我们引导人民为善,建设和谐社会亦有现实意义。
[Abstract]:In 168 AD, when Emperor Liu Hong of the Han Dynasty came to power, the rule of the Eastern Han Dynasty was already on the decline. The evil of the Party imprison damaged the reserve foundation of the court talents, while the establishment of Hongdu Menxue strengthened the power of the eunuchs. As the mainstay of feudal ideology, the theology of Heaven and Man was declining day by day, and it was unable to gather faith. But in the economy, the land annexation became more and more serious, forming the land ownership of large landlords in the form of Grange. It has damaged the foundation of the national tax system, and the whole society has presented a crisis of "desolation", the peasant uprisings broke out continuously, the ethnic contradictions deepened and intensified, the families of the great families were divorced from virtue, and the clan of the Han family were also in a state of crisis. The appearance of "Taiping Jing" gives the Emperor of Han a glimmer of hope. The ideas of "governing peace", "three consonance" and "harmony" expressed in the scriptures are like sounds of nature to the Han Emperor, who was faced with difficulties at that time. The main line of the ideological content of "Taiping Jing" is "governing the Peace". The book regards "Heaven and Taoism" as the general guide and fundamental basis of "ruling the peace", taking Fengtian and the earth, following the five elements, regulating Yin and Yang, and advocating morality as its basic path and method. The basic framework of his ideas has been constructed. Although the morality in it is mainly feudal ethics, such as Sangang and Wuchang, it has many unique views, such as putting forward the viewpoint of protecting the rights of women and advocating equality between men and women. Of course, there are such absurd claims as "one man and two women." the creators of the classics have more ideas close to the peasants, which put forward the people's viewpoint of "three realities." And then extended the ideas of "financial sharing" and "everyone's labor". These viewpoints provided the ideological premise for the peasant uprising and became one of the motivations that caused the yellow towel uprising. Also for the future peasant uprising to provide reference to the ideological resources. Therefore, the Taiping Classic is not only directly related to the ruling measures of the rulers of the Han Dynasty, but also closely related to the thought and behavior of the lower classes of the rulers. Exploring the relationship between the Taiping Jing and the society of the late Han Dynasty is not only of great historical value, Moreover, the study of the interaction between thought and society is of practical significance for us to guide the people to be good and to build a harmonious society.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K234

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