清代北京紫禁城午门功用考述

发布时间：2018-02-25 19:30

本文关键词： 午门功用礼门朝门戍卫　出处：《中国艺术研究院》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 午门是北京紫禁城的正门,取“居中向阳,位在子午”之意。它高大雄伟,双观对峙,崇楼高耸,如五凤展翅,是中国皇宫建筑中的精品之作,蕴含着丰富的传统文化元素。更为重要的是,在帝制时代,它是展示皇权,施展国威的工具,是皇帝和朝廷的象征物。清朝入关之后,全盘接收了明朝皇宫,表达了这个少数民族政权对中原文化的接纳和利用,对午门既有功用的发挥就是其中重要的反映。本文研究的是,作为皇宫的正门,午门有什么功用,这种功用的文化含义和政治含义是什么,而在有清一代又是如何操作这种功用的。笔者以为,这个研究是中国皇宫文化研究中不可分割的组成部分。深入午门功用的研究,有利于加深理解午门建筑的艺术特色,可以为宫廷史研究中的宫门礼制、宫廷典仪以及皇宫戍卫诸方面的研究提供重要的实例材料。本文对午门功用作了“礼门”功用、“朝门”功用和“戍卫”功用三方面的划分,并分别进行了考述。“礼门”是午门的核心功用,王朝通过对出入午门的种种礼节、礼仪的设定和实施,达到了规范君臣关系、维护统治秩序的目的；“朝门”功用,主要是通过在午门门前和城楼举行的进春、颁朔和凯旋受俘三项典礼活动实现的,午门威武雄壮的外表与三项典礼树皇权、展国威的作用,二者相得益彰、威武互见；至于午门的戍卫功用,主要是王朝通过建立与八旗制度相适应的宫城护卫体制和制定严厉的宫门守卫制度实现的,堪称细密严整。
[Abstract]:The gate is Front Gate the Forbidden City in Beijing, the "center of Xiangyang, in Meridian". It is tall and majestic, double view of confrontation, worship of high buildings, such as Phoenix wings, is Chinese palace in a boutique, contains a rich tradition. More importantly, in the imperial era, it is a display of imperial power, Paul display tools, is the emperor and the imperial symbol.
After the entry of the Qing Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty palace overall reception, expressed this minority regime to accept the Central Plains culture and use of the Meridian Gate both function of the play is the important. This study is, as the palace Front Gate, Meridian Gate what function, what is the function of the cultural meaning and political meaning, and in the Qing Dynasty is how to operate this function. The author thinks that this research is an integral part of Chinese palace culture. Study the Meridian Gate function, is conducive to deepen the understanding of the Meridian Gate Building artistic features, for the study of the history of the palace palace ritual, provide important examples of materials research the palace and the palace ceremony garrison aspects.
This paper gives a "gate" function of the Meridian Gate function, "divided toward the door" function and "defense" function in three aspects, which were stated. The "gate" is the core function of the Meridian Gate, through the courtesy of various Dynasty entry gate, the establishment and implementation of etiquette, to regulate the relation and to maintain the ruling order; "toward the door" function, mainly through the spring and into the tower held in the Meridian Gate in front of the door, and captured three new triumph award ceremony activities to realize the magnificent appearance, Meridian Gate and three tree ceremony exhibition of imperial power, Paul, the two complement each other, and cross; as for the Meridian Gate garrison function, mainly through the establishment of a dynasty and adapt to the system of Eight Banners system and make a strict guard Miyagi palace gate guard system, called fine neat.

【学位授予单位】：中国艺术研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K249

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