明代中后期兵制与阳山杀手的土著化

发布时间：2018-03-02 15:26

本文选题：卫所　切入点：营兵　出处：《中山大学学报(社会科学版)》2017年06期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：若单纯从军制演变的脉络着眼,有明一代的军事组织并非自始至终均保持着以卫所军士为主力的形态,至少在成化之前,已出现非正式编制的兵源逐渐纳入卫所系统之端倪。到了嘉靖朝前后,由卫所军、募兵、民兵等多兵种构成的营兵体制已在某种程度上突破祖制,呈现出某些兵农分离、非世袭化等新迹象。这些遗产直接为清代绿营兵制所继承。通过对湖南江永"阳山杀手"的经费来源、制度沿革及其在地化过程的考察,可以发现,"阳山杀手"作为营哨制的组成部分,其工食主要来自于"民壮"的代役银,却以异地雇役为特征。这决定了他们不同于兵民合一的民兵,更多地具备职业性雇佣兵的属性。更为有趣的是,一些有家室的杀手,一方面继承了卫所系统的屯田,另一方面在服役地置产入籍,逐渐成为当地的编户齐民。
[Abstract]:If we look at the evolution of the military system purely, the military organizations of the Ming Dynasty did not maintain the form in which Sgt. Wei was the main force throughout, at least before the formation of the military. An informal source of troops has been gradually brought into the system of the security offices. Before and after the Jiajing Dynasty, the battalion and army system, composed of the garrison, recruiting, and militia, had to some extent broken through the ancestral system, showing the separation of some soldiers and peasants. New signs of non-hereditary transformation. These legacies were inherited directly by the Green Battalion system in the Qing Dynasty. Through the investigation of the sources of funding, the evolution of the system and the process of transformation in Hunan Jiang Yong's "Yangshan Killer", It can be found that "Yangshan Killer" as a part of the battalion post, its work and food mainly come from the "people and Zhuang" of the proxy bank, but with the characteristics of service in different places, which determines that they are different from the soldiers and civilians in one militia. More interesting is that some family killers, on the one hand, inherited the health care system, on the other hand, naturalized property in the service, gradually became the local founder of the people.
【作者单位】：中山大学历史学系;
【分类号】：K248

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