明清徽州山林经济与社会

发布时间：2018-03-08 21:25

本文选题：明清　切入点：徽州　出处：《安徽大学》2012年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：明清时期的徽州是一个山多田少的山区社会,徽州人口一方面受制于农田匮乏所导致的粮食供给不足,另一方面,徽州又拥有大量适宜于发展木业、茶业等山林经济的丘陵山地,因而,以木业和茶业为主体的徽州山林经济对明清时期的徽州人口具有重要的维持与改善生计作用,并且随着徽商的崛起,徽州山林产品的商品化步伐显著加快。本文的主要研究内容包括：徽州的山林物产及其经济价值,在徽州山林经济活动基础上产生的买卖、租佃、纠纷与诉讼等社会关系,以及在山林环境这样一种生存与生活场域中所形成的区域社会心理、社会文化、传统习俗以及精神文化生产活动等。具体地说,本文的引言部分在对选题缘起、相关学术史、研究方法与思路进行介绍之后,重点对徽州山林经济与社会的相关概念进行了说明和界定。本文的正文部分包括五章内容。第一章主要论述徽州山林物产与徽州日常生计以及徽商贸易之间的重要关联。具体地说,在介绍徽州山林经济中的山林物产及其用途价值的基础上,阐述木材与茶叶这两种徽州主要山林物产的种植与贸易情况,并简要述及其他山林物产的开发与利用情况。第二章主要介绍明清徽州山地的开发、利用以及徽州林业山场的经营与管理情况。山地是徽州人口重要的财产来源,在徽州山地开发与利用过程中形成的大量买卖、租佃、看养等山林文书,是探讨徽州山林经济与社会关系的极好资料。由大片山地构成的林业山场是徽州宗族产业的重要构成部分,本章第二节以《窦山公家议》为文献依据,以祁门善和程氏宗族为个案,剖析徽州宗族对族产山场的经营与管理。第三章论述明清时期徽州的山林纷争及其裁处。山林纷争在徽州民事纠纷中具有多发性,对之进行探讨,是认识徽州山林经济活动与社会现象的重要途径。本章将明清时期徽州山林纷争划分为山地经营与买卖纷争、坟山及坟葬风水纷争、山界争议以及徽州的上棚之争等四个类别,分析了民间调处与官府裁决这两种基本的纷争解决途径,并就山林纷争裁处中的官方力量与民间力量的结合,以及山居生活与徽民“健讼”之风的关联,提出了自己的看法。第四章是对徽州山林经济与社会生活中所形成民俗与民间信仰的分析。重点分析了生产与生活中的徽州林俗与茶俗、徽州风水信仰中的坟茔荫木及其民俗内涵,并通过徽州方志“祥异”关于山林动植物的记载,探讨部分山林动植物在徽州官方与民间意识中所呈现的民俗意象。第五章是就徽人的精神文化生活与徽州山林环境之间的依存关系进行探讨。主要围绕徽州园林、建筑、文学、艺术几个角度,论述徽州山水对徽人精神文化生活之潜移默化式熏陶与影响。在上述五章内容的基础上,本文在结语部分提出：一,以木业和茶业为主体的山林经济在徽州生产与生活中占有重要地位；二,明清时期徽州山经济发展出现了林业与商业的关系趋于紧密、山林经济在徽州族产中的地位日趋重要、徽州山林经营与管理受到劳动力大量外流的负面影响等几个特点与趋势；三,山林环境浸染中的徽州社会与文化具有浓郁的山区社会与文化特质。
[Abstract]:The Ming and Qing Dynasties, Huizhou is a little Tian Shan mountain community, Huizhou has a population of less than one is subject to the farmland caused by lack of food supply, on the other hand, Huizhou has a large number of suitable for the development of wood industry, tea and other economic forest in hilly area, therefore, the population of Huizhou in the Ming and Qing Dynasties in the wood and tea as the main body the Huizhou forest economy has an important role to maintain and improve their livelihoods, and with the rise of commercial forest products significantly accelerate the pace of Huizhou. The main contents of this paper include: Huizhou forest products and its economic value, produced in the Huizhou forest economic activities on the basis of the sale, tenancy, disputes and litigation and other social relations. Culture and environment in the mountains of such a form of survival and life in the field of regional social psychology, society, traditional customs and spiritual culture production activities.
Specifically, the introductory part of this paper introduces the origin of the topic, relevant academic history, research methods and ideas, and focuses on the description and definition of the relevant concepts of Huizhou mountain forest economy and society.
The main body of this article includes five chapters.
The first chapter mainly discusses the important relationship between Huizhou mountain and Huizhou daily livelihood and Huizhou products trade. Specifically, based on the introduction of forest products and its use in the economic value of Huizhou forest, this plant and trade of wood and tea of the two main products of the Huizhou mountains, and the mountains and other products the development and utilization.
The second chapter mainly introduces the development of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in the Huizhou mountain area, and using the operation and management situation of Huizhou forestry farm. The population of Huizhou mountain is an important property of a large number of sources, sale and use of Huizhou mountain, formed in the development process of the tenancy, pens etc. forest documents, is to explore the excellent information for the Huizhou forest economic and social relations. A large mountain forestry farm is an important component of the Huizhou clan industry section, the second section of this chapter to the public on the mountain for > < sinus literature basis, to Qimen good and the clan as a case, analyzes the operation and management of the production field of Huizhou mountain clan.
The third chapter discusses the Ming and Qing Dynasties Huizhou mountain and forest disputes tribunal. Disputes with multiple civil disputes in Huizhou, to study, is an important approach to understand the Huizhou forest economic activity and social phenomenon. This chapter will be divided into Ming and Qing Dynasties Huizhou mountain mountain management and sale disputes disputes, and disputes of Feng Shui grave cemetery Huizhou mountain, disputes and dispute on the roof in four categories, analyzes the civil mediation and government ruling the two basic ways to solve disputes, and disputes tribunal in the mountains of official power and civil power combination, and associated mountain life and Hui people "disputatiousness" of the wind, put forward the opinions of his own.
The fourth chapter is the analysis of the formation of folk customs and folk beliefs of Huizhou mountain of economic and social life. The focus on the analysis of the production and life of the customs and tea Huizhou Lin Su, the tomb of shade trees and folklore connotation of Huizhou Fengshui belief, and through the local chronicles of Huizhou "Xiang mountain plants and animals on different parts of records. Forest dynamic plant folk images presented in Huizhou official and folk consciousness.
The fifth chapter is about the relationship between Hui's spiritual life and the forest environment in Huizhou. Based on Huizhou gardens, architecture, literature and art, this paper discusses the subtle influence and influence of Huizhou's landscape on Hui's spiritual and cultural life.
Based on the above five chapters, this paper in the conclusion: first, with wood and tea as the main economic forest in Huizhou occupies an important position in the production and the life; two, the Ming and Qing Dynasties Huizhou mountain economic development relationship between forestry and business tends to close, position of forest economy in Huizhou in the production is becoming more and more important Huizhou, forest management and management by the labor outflow of the negative influence of some trends and characteristics; three, Huizhou social and cultural environment in the mountainous forest has disseminated social and cultural characteristics and rich.

【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F326.2;K249

【引证文献】