清代徽州孝文化特征研究

发布时间：2018-03-14 08:14

本文选题：清代　切入点：徽州　出处：《安徽大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自古以来,孝就是中华民族的传统美德,也是中华传统文化非常重要的组成部分。无论从天子还是到百姓,孝都是人们必须遵守的行为准则和道德规范。孝文化不仅蕴含在整个中国历史发展的长河中,而且还一直深深的影响着中华大地上的每一个区域。徽州地处万山之中,陆路交通不便,少兵燹之虞。中国历史上,由于中原地区战乱,曾出现过三次人口大规模南迁高潮,中原大族多迁至此,他们聚族而居,繁衍生息,使得徽州逐渐发展成为一个典型的宗族社会。同时,中原大族以“孝”为核心的儒家传统文化也深深地根植于徽州地区。而明清时期,由于外出徽商的发展与繁荣,使整个徽州社会更加重视孝文化的继承与发展,并为徽州孝文化的兴盛提供了物质基础。南宋以来,朱熹思想在徽州地区的广泛传播和影响,则为清代徽州孝文化的兴盛起到了积极的推动作用。正是由于徽州地区特殊的历史、地理与社会环境,才使得清代徽州的孝文化呈现出不同于其他地区的众多特征清代道光年间的《徽州府志》对一府六县中孝义人物的事迹进行了大量记载,通过统计可以得出清代徽州孝义人物的数量巨大,其中受到表彰的人物也占了相对较大的比例,可见清代徽州社会对孝行的极力重视,从而进一步促进了此时徽州孝文化的兴盛。作为一个典型的宗族社会,孝文化是宗族文化的核心内容,并且维系着清代徽州宗族的发展与繁荣,棠樾鲍氏宗族就是一个较为典型的案例。清代歙县棠樾鲍氏宗族以慈孝闻名于徽州,通过为孝子贤孙修谱立传,营造牌坊、祠堂等方式对孝道进行大力的宣扬与践行,促进了孝文化的传承与发展。同时,孝文化的发扬光大,也使得棠樾鲍氏宗族不断繁荣。明清时期徽州地区出现了大量外出经商的子弟,而他们经商的重要原因之一就是“服贾以奉父母”。此外,徽州地区以“孝”为核心的儒家传统文化影响深远,使得徽商在商业经营的过程中逐渐形成了自己的经营理念,并在此基础上繁荣发展。而徽州子弟在经商富裕之后也仍能对宗族和家乡大行义举,以尽孝道。孝文化逐渐发展成为清代徽商的重要标志之一。清代徽商的大量盛行,使得在家中留守的徽州妇女承担起了孝敬父母,抚养孤儿的重要责任,她们则成为传承和发扬孝文化最重要的贡献者。具有诸多地方特征的清代徽州孝文化对当时徽州社会的稳定、宗族的管理,以及徽商的发展都起到了积极的推动作用。不仅如此,它对现代基层社会的管理和社会经济的发展也有良好的启示,从而进一步促进了和谐社会的建设。而通过对清代徽州孝文化中糟粕部分的分析和认识,更能对如今社会文化的发展起到借鉴作用。
[Abstract]:Since ancient times, filial piety has been the traditional virtue of the Chinese nation and a very important part of Chinese traditional culture. Filial piety is the code of conduct and moral code that people must abide by. Filial piety culture is not only contained in the development of the whole history of China, but also deeply affects every region of China. Huizhou is located in the middle of thousands of mountains, the land transportation is inconvenient, and there is little danger of war. In the history of China, because of the war in the Central Plains, there have been three high tides of large-scale southward migration of population. Huizhou gradually developed into a typical clan society. At the same time, the traditional Confucian culture with filial piety as its core was deeply rooted in Huizhou. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, due to the development and prosperity of Huizhou merchants, It makes the whole Huizhou society pay more attention to the inheritance and development of filial piety culture, and provides the material basis for the prosperity of the filial piety culture in Huizhou. Since the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi's thought has been widely spread and influenced in Huizhou. It played a positive role in promoting the prosperity of filial piety culture in Huizhou in Qing Dynasty. It was precisely because of the special history, geography and social environment of Huizhou. So that the filial piety culture of Huizhou in Qing Dynasty showed many characteristics different from other areas. In the period of Daoguang in Qing Dynasty, the "Huizhou Government Records" recorded the deeds of filial piety figures in six counties of the Qing Dynasty. Through statistics, we can draw a conclusion that the number of filial piety figures in Huizhou in Qing Dynasty is huge, and the number of people who have been commended has also accounted for a relatively large proportion. It can be seen that the society of Huizhou in Qing Dynasty attached great importance to filial piety. As a typical clan society, filial piety culture is the core content of clan culture, and it maintains the development and prosperity of Huizhou clan in Qing Dynasty. Tang Yue's Baobian clan was a more typical case. In the Qing Dynasty, the Tang and Yue clan in Shexian County was famous for their kindness and filial piety in Huizhou. They propagated and practiced filial piety through the following ways: setting up music for filial sons and grandchildren, building archways, ancestral halls, and so on. It promoted the inheritance and development of filial piety culture. At the same time, the development of filial piety culture also made the Tang Yue Bao clan flourish. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were a large number of children in Huizhou who went out to do business. One of the important reasons for them to do business was "serving Jia to worship their parents." in addition, the traditional Confucian culture of "filial piety" at the core of Huizhou had a profound impact, which made Huizhou merchants gradually form their own business philosophy in the course of business operation. And on this basis, the children of Huizhou were able to do good deeds to their clans and their hometown after they were rich in business. Filial piety culture gradually developed into one of the important symbols of Hui merchants in the Qing Dynasty, and a large number of Huizhou merchants prevailed in the Qing Dynasty. Huizhou women who stay at home assume the important responsibility of honoring their parents and raising orphans, and they become the most important contributors to the inheritance and development of filial piety culture. The filial piety culture of Huizhou in Qing Dynasty, with many local characteristics, played a positive role in promoting the stability of Huizhou society, the management of clan and the development of Huizhou merchants. It also has good enlightenment to the management of modern grass-roots society and the development of social economy, thus further promoting the construction of a harmonious society, and through the analysis and understanding of the dross part of the filial piety culture of Huizhou in the Qing Dynasty, More can play a reference role in the development of today's social culture.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：G122;B823.1;K249

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