清代东北旗人群体经营采煤业问题初探

发布时间：2018-03-14 09:26

  本文选题：清代　切入点：东北地区　出处：《中国社会经济史研究》2017年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：清代东北地区,是八旗驻防重点区域,当地驻防旗人群体一直参与着本地的采煤业。清廷对东北各地旗民呈报开办煤窑的态度,有其流变过程。咸丰朝弛解矿禁前,清廷一直限制东北旗民开采煤窑,既担心开采煤窑破坏地方风水,更忌惮开采中大量民籍劳工的聚集易生事端。咸丰朝以降,清廷逐渐放松了对旗民开采煤窑的限制,继而设置专门机构,督办矿务。弛禁前,东北旗人群体主要通过领票承办方式直接参与煤窑的开办;整个清代,东北旗人私行采挖煤炭的现象亦是普遍;东北各地兴办矿务后,旗籍官兵多通过各自差委,赞襄采煤业;光宣之际,资财雄厚的旗籍官绅富户,陆续有直接投资开办煤矿者。旗人群体参与经营的煤矿,总体成效不佳,这其中,既有内部匪患、外部国外资本的入侵挤压原因,更因采煤业并非晚清东北旗人谋生取利的最佳途径,而煤斤销路不畅则是造成成效不佳的直接原因。迨至清季民初,东北旗人参与经营的煤矿,命运同于民人经营的煤矿,最终陆续被日俄等国侵占。
[Abstract]:The northeast area of Qing Dynasty is the key area of the eight banners garrisoning. The local garrison group has always been involved in the local coal mining industry. The Qing government's attitude to the flag people in northeast China to report the opening of coal kilns has its rheological process. Before Xianfeng Dynasty, the ban was lifted. The Qing government has been restricting the exploitation of coal kilns in the northeast of China. It is worried that the mining of coal mines will destroy local geomantic waters, and that the gathering of a large number of local workers in the mining process will easily lead to trouble. When Xianfeng came down, the Qing government gradually relaxed its restrictions on the mining of coal kilns by flag people. Then set up a special organization to supervise the mining affairs. Before the ban, the northeast flag group mainly took part in the operation of the coal kiln directly through the way of ticket collection and undertaking; the phenomenon of private mining and mining of the northeast flag people in the whole Qing Dynasty was also widespread; after the establishment of the mining affairs in various parts of the Northeast, Most of the flag officers and soldiers through their respective poor committees, like the Xiang coal mining industry; in the light of the publicity, the rich and well-capitalized flag officials and gentry, one after another, have invested directly in the operation of coal mines. The overall results of these coal mines, in which the flag group participated, have not been satisfactory. Because the coal mining industry is not the best way to make a living in the late Qing Dynasty, and the poor sale of coal catties is the direct cause of the poor results. So until the beginning of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, the coal mining industry was not the best way to make a living. The coal mine in northeast China was occupied by Japan and Russia.
【作者单位】： 长春师范大学满族文化研究所;
【基金】：吉林省社会科学基金项目“吉林将军辖下的移民社会研究”(项目编号:2015BS70) 长春师范大学社会科学基金科研平台建设计划项目“清代东北八旗驻防与国家安全研究——以《珲春副都统衙门档》满汉文档案为中心”(项目编号:长师大社科合字[2015]第012号)阶段性成果之一
【分类号】：F429;K249
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本文编号：1610599