《东京梦华录》之北宋都城汴梁民俗生活研究

发布时间：2018-03-16 20:28

本文选题：《东京梦华录》　切入点：汴梁　出处：《青海师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：《东京梦华录》是由北宋遗民孟元老所著，成书于南宋，以回忆的笔触记述故都汴梁城风貌及真实市井生活的都市笔记体小说。因其描述了真实生动、丰富多彩的宋都民俗风情，实开都市题材著作之先河，且影响了写于南宋的《梦梁录》、《武林旧事》等都市笔记体小说。并以其珍贵的历史文献价值，成为研究我国城市史、民俗史、文化史不可或缺的瑰宝，从而受到我国文学、史学、民俗学等学界诸多学者们的广泛关注。本文选择《东京梦华录》为研究对象，从民俗学的视角，运用民俗文化学、都市民俗学和文化人类学的理论，结合文献研究的方法。通过对原著的分析和研究，选取汴梁城市民阶层的都市民俗生活中，物质民俗与精神民俗两相结合的研究论点，解析原著中所述的具体民俗事象和仪式过程，，较为系统的分析阐述了汴梁城内都市民俗生活的特点及其所蕴涵的民俗文化内涵。本文主要从以下五个方面来研究北宋汴梁城市民阶层的都市民俗生活。北宋处于我国封建社会承上启下的变革时期，商品经济获得巨大发展，促使城市的规模日益扩大，地位日趋重要，成为我国城市发展史上的一个突出变化。首先，关于产生汴梁城都市民俗的社会环境，本文主要介绍了中晚唐五代时期，江淮经济的崛起和漕运改革成就了汴梁城的崛起和日渐繁盛。人口的剧增，产生了市民阶层进而产生了独具特色的都市民俗生活。尤其探讨了，孟元老创作《东京梦华录》时的民俗自觉心理。因其在真实、朴素，自觉地民俗心理下进行创作，使得《东京梦华录》成为真实可依的研究北宋民俗史和都市民俗生活的珍贵文献资料。其次解析原著所述汴梁城市民的饮食、服饰及商业习俗中一些具体民俗事象，我们可以发现：汴梁城市民的饮食民俗，是北宋时期饮食文化的形象化表现。北宋都市饮食民俗的发展，是人类对自身饮食本能的一种高度的理性发展。北宋的服饰具有强烈的阶级性。服装也受人们审美观点的影响，受生活各方面的影响如：气候、工作条件等。宋代城市已突破了唐代坊市的界限，经济功能显著，商业各行在经营和竞争中依据本行业的特点，形成了各自的经营习俗。再次，主要探讨原著所述关于人生中的诞生、婚姻时期的仪礼。北宋时期复杂的诞生及婚姻礼仪背后积淀着时人的社会心态,蕴含着不同的文化意义与功能:如向公众宣告结婚、生子的喜讯,保护新人免受邪魔侵扰,对新婚夫妇和新生生命的美好祝愿和祈盼等。第四，北宋时期不仅对传统的旧时节日予以继承、加工和修补；同时源源不断地开发出新的节日。从节日的主要内容分析，可将原著中所述的北宋岁时节日分为农事节日、祭祀节日、纪念节日、庆贺节日、社交游乐节日等五类。并从祭祀节日中的一些民俗活动和祭祀仪式总结出汴梁城市民的民俗信仰。最后，指出北宋都市民俗的研究必然有益于民俗文化史的建设，更有助于当代都市民俗源流的研究，对推进移风易俗有积极作用。同时从民俗学角度对《东京梦华录》作为民俗志书的优缺点进行评述，对现当代民俗学者进行民俗志著述时所起到的借鉴作用也进行了思考和阐述。本文由四章正文和绪论、结论以及参考文献构成，全文共约五万字。
[Abstract]:< Tokyo menghualu > was written by Song Dynasty Meng patriarch, a book in the Southern Song Dynasty, the city note novels of ancient brushwork of Kaifeng City style and real life memories. Because of the description of the vivid, rich and colorful folk customs of the song, first opened the urban theme works, and influence the song was written < < > > the old dream beam recorded, martial arts and other urban novels. Notes and with its precious historical value, become the research of our country city history, folk history, cultural history treasures indispensable, which is China's literature, history, folklore and other scholars wide attention of many scholars. This paper chooses < > menghualu in Tokyo as the research object, from the perspective of folklore, the study of folk culture, urban folklore and cultural anthropology theory, combined with the methods of literature research. Through the analysis and Research on the original selection, Kaifeng City peopleclass In the folk custom life, research argument material and spiritual fielefolk combining the specific folk custom and ritual process of the analysis of the original, a systematic analysis of the Bianliang expounds thecharacteristics of urban folk life and the implication of the folk cultural connotation. This article mainly from the following five aspects of the Northern Song Dynasty Kaifeng City peopleclass of folk life.
The Northern Song Dynasty in the era of China's feudal society changes, the commodity economy gained great development, promote the city scale expansion, is becoming more and more important, has become a prominent change in the history of the development of our city. First of all, on generating Bianliang city urban folk social environment, this paper mainly introduces the late Tang and Five Dynasties the rise of economy and transport reform achievements of the rise of Kaifeng City and increasingly prosperous. The rapid increase of population, the public and thenproduced unique urban folk life. Especially on, Meng Yuan old creation Tokyo menghualu < > folk conscious psychological. Because of its simplicity, in reality, the creation of consciously folk psychology, the < Tokyo menghualu > become precious literature of the Northern Song Dynasty according to true history of folklore and urban folk life. Secondly the diet bianliangcity of analytical people, Some specific folk custom dress and business like, we can find that the diet custom of Kaifeng city residents, is the image of the performance of the Northern Song Dynasty diet culture development in Northern Song Dynasty. The city folk diet, is a human instinct to their own dietof a highly rational development of the Northern Song Dynasty. The dress has a strong influence. Class the clothing is also influenced by people's aesthetic view, affected all aspects of life such as climate, working conditions and so on. The city has exceeded the limits of Tang Fang City, significant economic function, business lines in operation and competition according to the characteristics of the industry, the formation of their business practices. Thirdly, mainly discusses the original the birth of life, period of marriage ritual. During the Northern Song Dynasty complex behind the birth and marriage etiquette reflects people's social psychology, contains different cultural significance and function: as to the public announcement Marriage, children good news, to protect the bride from the demons of the intrusion, newlyweds and new life and good wishes and expectations. In fourth, the Northern Song Dynasty not only to the old traditional festival to be inherited, processing and repairing; at the same time Everfount to develop new festival. Analysis from the main content of the festival, the original in the age of the Song Dynasty is divided into farming festival festival, festival, festival, festival celebration, social recreation Festival five. And summed up the city people Bianliang folk customs of faith from the festival in some folk activities and rituals. Finally, it points out that the construction of the northern Song dynasty urban folk folk culture history is beneficial to the inevitable and it is helpful to the contemporary urban folk origin, have a positive role in promoting the refinement. At the same time from the perspective of folklore < Tokyo menghualu > as the advantages and disadvantages of folk records were reviewed, for now The reference function of contemporary folkloric scholars in the writings of folkloric chronicles has also been thought and expounded.
This article is composed of four chapters and an introduction, a conclusion and a reference, with a total of about fifty thousand words in the full text.

【学位授予单位】：青海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：I207.419;K244

【参考文献】