方以智晚年人生定位研究

发布时间：2018-03-18 22:48

本文选题：明清之际　切入点：方以智　出处：《中南民族大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：士人阶层是我国古代社会的重要构成部分，士人们在政治、文化等诸多方面发挥了重要的作用。在社会变革的时期，遗民作为士人们中的一部分如何应对政治鼎革、思想趋变等等诸多社会问题，并在此过程中重新寻找自我角色、舒展生命意义是本文研究的出发点。本文将以方以智为中心对遗民的人生定位问题进行讨论。方以智（1611——671），字密之，号曼公，明清之际江南安庆府桐城县凤仪里人，是我国明清时期重要的学者和思想家，其学术、思想涉及哲学、佛学、文学、训诂学、物理学等诸多方面。同时，方以智也是明遗民的代表人物之一，其在明亡之后独特的人生经历也颇为后人注目。作为一个“百科全书”式历史人物，方以智对明清和后世的思想、学术都产生了很大的影响。明清鼎革之际方以智面对社会的剧烈变化原本希望成为借由文化存身的遗民，却在外界的压力而“逃禅”为僧，但方以智很快就在佛教界中得以立足并取得了很大的成功，从而在晚年明确了人生定位。本文关注方以智从文化遗民到逃禅僧的身份转变情况，运用历史学和社会学的研究方法，从三个方面进行考察：首先，考察方以智“逃禅”之前的经历和社会活动，，分析其原有人生定位；其次，梳理方以智“逃禅”的史实，说明其“逃禅”之后的社会活动；最后，确定方以智晚年的人生定位，并分析其得到身份认同的原因。以方以智为切入点，通过梳理方以智这一历史人物的人生境遇，也可以累积对明末清初士人的具体认识，从而提供一个审视明末清初社会的视角，因而具有一定的学术意义；另外，通过对以方以智为代表的明清之际士人角色转变的研究也可以为当今人们在不同人生阶段的角色转变和人生定位提供借鉴，因而具有一定的现实意义。
[Abstract]:The scholar stratum is an important part of the ancient society of our country, and the scholar people have played an important role in politics, culture and many other aspects. In the period of social transformation, how to deal with the political revolution as a part of the intellectuals, The starting point of this paper is to expand the meaning of life and to search for self-role in the process of social problems. This paper will discuss the life orientation of the bereaved people with Fang Yizhi as the center. Fang Yizhi is an important scholar and thinker in the Ming and Qing dynasties. His thoughts are related to philosophy, Buddhism, literature, exegetics, physics and so on. At the same time, Fang Yizhi is one of the representatives of the people of the Ming Dynasty. As an encyclopedic historical figure, Fang Yizhi's thoughts on the Ming and Qing dynasties and later generations, During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Fang Yizhi, faced with the drastic changes in society, had hoped to become a relic of culture, but he had "fled Zen" to become a monk under pressure from outside. However, Fang Yizhi quickly gained a foothold in the Buddhist world and achieved great success, thus defining his life position in his later years. This article focuses on the transformation of Fang Yizhi's identity from a cultural relic to a Zen monk. Using the research methods of history and sociology, this paper makes an investigation from three aspects: first, to investigate Fang Yizhi's experience and social activities before "escaping from Zen", and to analyze his original life orientation; secondly, to sort out the historical facts of Fang Yizhi's "escape from Zen". It explains the social activities after his "escape from Zen", and finally, determines the life orientation of Fang Yizhi in his later years, and analyzes the reasons why he got his identity. Taking Fang Yizhi as the starting point, through combing the life situation of Fang Yizhi, a historical figure, It is also possible to accumulate the specific understanding of the scholars in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, thus providing a perspective to examine the society in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, thus having a certain academic significance; in addition, through the study of the change of the role of the scholars during the Ming and Qing dynasties, represented by Fang Yizhi. It can also provide reference for people's role change and life orientation in different stages of life, so it has certain practical significance.
【学位授予单位】：中南民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K248;B248.93

【相似文献】