东晋政争与刘宋代晋

发布时间：2018-03-19 16:48

本文选题：东晋　切入点：门阀专政　出处：《郑州大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：东晋政权是司马氏在南北世族的共同支持下建立的,南北世族地主是东晋政权的统治基础,东晋从建立之日起,以皇权为代表的中央政权就很弱小。司马氏的东晋中央政府的权力有限,无力控制全局,因此从东晋建立之初开始,围绕着政治利益的得失,统治阶级内部就矛盾重重,斗争激烈。东晋政争分为三个阶段：第一个阶段是从东晋建国到桓温出任荆州刺史。这期间南北世家大族之间、司马氏与王氏之间、庾氏和其他大族之间、中央政府和地方将领之间,由于政治、经济或其他方面的原因产生了激烈的斗争。东晋前期统治集团内部的斗争实则是争斗各方在政治利益、经济利益上的争夺。这个阶段统治阶级内部斗争有一个特点：无论政争有多么激烈,皇权之外的政争参与者始终没有迈出推翻东晋政权这一步。第二个阶段是从桓温出任荆州刺史到谢安去世。这段时间统治集团内部的斗争主要在桓温和司马氏之间展开,也包括桓温死后,谢安主政时期司马氏对谢安的猜忌与防范。这个阶段斗争的焦点集中在对中央政府权力掌控上的争夺。东晋中期政争的特点是：桓温迈出了取东晋而代之这一步,这等于是给继他之后的权臣开了一个亡晋的先例。第三个阶段是从谢安去世到东晋灭亡。这段时间统治集团内部的斗争主要是在皇室之间、中央政府和地方将领之间、皇室和权臣之间展开的。斗争的焦点表面上看还是集中在对中央政府权力的掌控,实际上是在掌控中央政权后,取东晋而代之。这些斗争的参与者在亡晋的道路上走得更远,也更明目张胆、无所顾忌。这个阶段统治阶级内部斗争的特点是：宗室内部的斗争使本来就很弱小的中央政权的力量进一步削弱,在此后的皇室和权臣之间的斗争中,权臣越来越占上风,最终,在这些激烈的政争中,东晋政权灭亡了。东晋是门阀专政的时代,东晋政权是皇族与世族的联合执政,统治阶级内部的斗争与内耗,使门阀世族的力量逐渐削弱。当传统的世家大族的力量逐渐削弱的时候,寒人的势力在逐渐上升,在政治斗争中掌握了军事力量的寒族将领逐渐掌握了大权,以至于北府兵将领刘裕最终取代东晋,建立了刘宋。刘宋代晋是寒门对门阀的胜利、是东晋统治集团内耗的结果、是历史的自然选择。
[Abstract]:The Eastern Jin regime was established by Sima with the support of the people of the North and the South. The landlords of the Northern and Southern dynasties were the ruling basis of the regime of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty was established from the day of its establishment. The central government represented by the imperial power is very weak. Sima's central government in the Eastern Jin Dynasty had limited power and was unable to control the overall situation. Therefore, since the establishment of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the ruling class has had numerous contradictions around the gains and losses of political interests. The struggle was fierce. The struggle for government in the Eastern Jin Dynasty can be divided into three stages:. The first stage was from the founding of the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the appointment of Huanwen as the history of the thorns of Jingzhou. During this period, there were great families from the north and the south, between Sima and Wang, between Yu and other great tribes, between the central government and local generals, because of politics. Economic or other reasons led to a fierce struggle. The struggle within the governing group in the early Eastern Jin Dynasty was actually a struggle for political interests of all sides. The internal struggle of the ruling class in this stage has a characteristic: no matter how fierce the political struggle is, the participants in the political struggle outside the imperial power have never taken the step of overthrowing the regime of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The second stage was from Huanwen's appointment as a thorn in Jingzhou to the death of Xie'an. During this period, the struggle within the ruling group mainly took place between Huanwen and Sima, including after Huanwen's death. During the period of Xie'an 's administration, Sima's suspicion and prevention of Xie'an. The focus of the struggle at this stage was on the struggle for the power of the central government. The characteristics of the political struggle in the middle of the Eastern Jin Dynasty were: Huanwen took the step of taking the East Jin and replacing it. This was tantamount to setting a precedent for his successors. The third stage was from the death of Xie'an to the demise of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. During this period, the struggle within the ruling group was mainly between the royal family, the central government and the local generals. The focus of the struggle between the royal family and the ministers of power is ostensibly focused on the control of the central government. In fact, after taking control of the central government, they take the Eastern Jin Dynasty and replace it. The participants in these struggles go further along the road of the end of the Jin Dynasty. The struggle within the ruling class at this stage was characterized by a further weakening of the power of the already weak central regime by the struggle within the clan, and in the subsequent struggle between the royal family and the rulers. In the end, in these fierce political disputes, the Eastern Jin regime perished. The Eastern Jin Dynasty was the era of the monarch dictatorship, and the Eastern Jin regime was the joint ruling of the royal family and the clan. The struggle and internal friction within the ruling class gradually weakened the strength of the patriarchal clan, and when the strength of the traditional patriarchal clan gradually weakened, The influence of the cold people was gradually rising, and the Han generals, who had mastered the military power in the political struggle, gradually took over the power, so that Liu Yu, the general general of the Beifubing army, eventually took the place of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and established Liu Song. The Jin Dynasty of Liu Song Dynasty was a victory of the Han people over the door warlords. It is the result of internal friction of the Eastern Jin ruling group and the natural selection of history.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K237.2

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