辽朝对外遣使研究

发布时间：2018-03-30 12:39

本文选题：辽　切入点：北宋　出处：《辽宁大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：自北魏以来，契丹民族第一次出现在正史中，开始在辽河上游一带活动，到唐末建立了强大的部落联盟。公元907年，唐灭亡，耶律阿保机建立契丹国，后改称辽，统治中国北方，与后来的北宋形成南北对峙的局面。辽末，女真族起事，辽帝国迅速走向灭亡，公元1125年为金所灭，其余部建立了西辽王国，延续了93年。契丹王朝雄踞中国北方200多年，不仅是因为契丹族的能征善战，，更有其灵活的外交策略。耶律阿保机建国后，对内实行了“以国制治契丹，以汉制待汉人”因俗而治的政治上多元化的统治方法，对外也采取了各种有效的外交手段，辽朝在对外交往的集中表现就是它的对外遣使。辽王朝在北宋还没有结束五代十国的混乱局面时，就已经开始对中原各国遣使。北宋的建立，使辽王朝外交政策的重点转移，其对外遣使开始以北宋为主，因为当时真正能与辽国相抗衡的只有北宋王朝，与北宋关系处理的如何直接关系到自身的存在，与此同时又围绕着这个重点开展对西夏女真朝鲜等国家或民族的外交遣使。历史证明，面对中原政局的变化和东亚局势的演变，契丹十分关注并非常敏感，不断的随机应变，适时灵活的调整对外遣使，使之成为一种审时度势，因势利导，灵活善变，刚柔相济，进而保全和发展自身利益的国家政策。正因如此，辽王朝才得以在当时东亚复杂多变的形势下，保全了自己，并在最大的程度上争取了更多的自身实际利益，还能依据自身的地位和条件，在东亚历史舞台上纵横裨阖，发挥了重要的作用和影响。本文内容分为三大部分：第一部分为辽朝对外遣使的使职类型。主要有“常使”，诸如册封使、贺正旦使、贺生辰使等；还有“泛使”，诸如抚谕使、诘问使、谈判使等。第二部分为辽朝对外遣使的国家及其遣使过程。主要论述了辽朝对五代十国部分政权、北宋、高丽、西夏以及金国的遣使活动。第三部分为辽朝对外遣使的作用与影响。本文以马克思的历史唯物主义为指导思想，辩证统一的看待历史事件，尊重客观史实，尊重前人成果，吸取前人经验，力图还原历史真相，在论述辽朝对外遣使的同时，思考古人智慧，希望对当今外交方式及手段能有所启迪，同时关于辽朝对外遣使的类型，能够在前人的基础上更进一步。
[Abstract]:Since the Northern Wei Dynasty, Qidan nationality appeared for the first time in the official history, began to operate in the upper reaches of the Liaohe River, and established a strong tribal alliance by the end of Tang Dynasty. In 907 AD, the Tang Dynasty perished, and Yeru Arbor established the Qidan State, which was later renamed the Liao Dynasty. Rule over the north of China, forming a confrontation between the North and the South with the later Northern Song Dynasty. At the end of the Liao Dynasty, when the Nu Zhen nationality began to work, the Liao Empire quickly went to extinction, and in 1125 AD it was destroyed by the Jin Dynasty, and the rest of the Ministry established the Western Liao Kingdom. It continued for 93 years. The Qidan dynasty reigned in northern China for more than 200 years, not only because of the Qidan nationality's ability to fight well, but also because of its flexible diplomatic strategy. Using the Han system to treat the Han people as "political pluralistic ruling methods based on vulgarity", they also adopted various effective diplomatic means to the outside world. The concentrated manifestation of Liao Dynasty's foreign exchanges was its foreign emissary. Before the Liao Dynasty ended the chaotic situation of the five dynasties and ten countries in the Northern Song Dynasty, it had already begun to send envoys to the Central Plains countries. The establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty made the focus of the Liao Dynasty's foreign policy shift. At that time, the Northern Song Dynasty was the only one that could really compete with the Liao Kingdom. How to deal with the relationship between the Northern Song Dynasty and the Northern Song Dynasty had a direct bearing on their own existence. At the same time, around this emphasis, Qidan has carried out diplomatic missions to countries or nations such as Nu Zhen Korea in the Western Xia Dynasty. History has proved that in the face of the changes in the political situation in the Central Plains and the evolution of the situation in East Asia, Qidan is very concerned and sensitive, and constantly adapts to the situation. The timely and flexible adjustment of the external contingent to make it a state policy that judges the situation, adjusts the situation, is flexible, flexible and flexible, and thus preserves and develops its own interests. The Liao Dynasty was able to preserve itself under the complicated and changeable situation in East Asia at that time, and to the greatest extent to strive for more actual interests of its own, and also to be able to use its position and conditions in the East Asian historical stage. Played an important role and influence. The content of this paper is divided into three parts: the first part is about the types of emissaries in the Liao Dynasty. There are mainly "Chang emissary", such as canonization, he Zhengdan, he Shengchen, and so on; there are also "pan-emissaries", such as imperial emissaries, hecklers, etc. The second part is about the countries and the process of sending foreign emissaries in the Liao Dynasty. It mainly discusses the Liao Dynasty's partial political power over the five dynasties and ten countries, the Northern Song Dynasty and Koryo. The third part is the role and influence of the Liao Dynasty. This article regards Marx's historical materialism as the guiding ideology, dialectically and uniformly treats the historical events, respects the objective historical facts, respects the forefathers' achievements, absorbs the forefathers' experience, tries to restore the historical truth, and at the same time discusses the Liao Dynasty's emissaries to the outside world. Thinking about the wisdom of the ancients, we hope to enlighten the present diplomatic methods and means, and at the same time, about the types of emissaries in the Liao Dynasty, we can go further on the basis of the predecessors.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D829;K246.1

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