清代荆州驻防八旗经济生活研究

发布时间：2018-03-30 18:30

本文选题：清代　切入点：荆州驻防八旗　出处：《长江大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：荆州驻防八旗设立于康熙二十二年(1683年),其设立缘起于三藩之乱。在平定三藩的过程中,荆州以其独特的地理优势,有力地抵挡住了叛军,在整个战争中发挥了重要的作用。由于其重要的军事战略地位,清政府在平定三藩之后,随即派遣满蒙八旗官兵驻守荆州,荆州驻防八旗至此正式设立。荆州驻防设额兵4000员,且均为满蒙官兵,未置汉军。除额兵外,因为属于携眷驻防,连同家属、仆役,总人口应在两万以上。由此可见,荆州驻防八旗规模之大,地位之重。荆州驻防八旗作为清代直省驻防的重点,在清代整个驻防体系中发挥着重要的作用。荆州驻防八旗自设立起,至清王朝灭亡之后逐渐消亡,历经二百余年的风雨沧桑。驻防延续时间如此之长,保障其生命力的根本因素便是经济。荆州驻防八旗的经济生活状况,作为驻防八旗的重要组成部分,具有重要的研究意义。目前,学界关于荆州驻防八旗经济生活的研究较少,都只是零散地分布于一些著作和论文中,没有专门性的研究。从现有对清代荆州驻防八旗的研究来看,主要偏重于建置、民族关系、学校教育和辛亥革命时期的转变等方面,对经济生活方面的研究尚为欠缺。本文以荆州驻防八旗的经济生活为视角,从清代荆州驻防八旗经济生活的几个构成要素,即荆州驻防旗地、荆州驻防八旗的俸饷、经济困境与制度调整、荆州驻防八旗的社会保障展开研究,具有创新意义。文章分为以下几个部分:第一部分是绪论。绪论首先从荆州驻防八旗的设立、军事地位的重要性、经济生活研究的重要性等几个角度对荆州驻防八旗的基本状况进行论述。然后指出选题的意义和文章的研究范围,并对相关研究成果进行回顾总结。第二部分为荆州驻防的旗地。本章从清代旗地的设立着手,对旗地这一土地制度的概念和形成过程进行基本的概括和梳理。在此基础上,进一步对荆州驻防八旗旗地进行详细地介绍。荆州驻防旗地主要有两种,即马厂地和公义地。这与传统意义上的旗地有所不同,不是直接分配给荆州驻防官兵的耕地。马厂地设立之初用于牧养马匹,但后期被招民开垦。之所以被招垦,是由于马匹不适应南方环境易于倒毙,而八旗兵丁又无力买马赔偿。为缓解经济压力,驻防数次裁减马匹额数。如此一来,马匹骤减,大量马厂地被闲置,于是便被招垦稞租。招垦取得的课租收入,对驻防八旗的经济多有裨益。专门购置来用于贫苦旗人丧葬的公义地,在一定程度上也缓解了驻防旗人的经济压力。第三部分为荆州驻防八旗的俸饷。俸饷是驻防官兵经济收入的主要来源。本章分为驻防官员的俸饷、一般旗兵的俸饷两个部分,分别阐述其年收入总数及经济收入的主要成分。通过对二者的俸饷收入进行一定程度的对比和总结,最后总述清代荆州驻防八旗俸饷收入的整体状况。第四部分为荆州驻防八旗的经济困境与制度调整。文章首先将荆州驻防八旗的经济问题总结概括为人口增长、官员贪腐、财政危机、旗人懒散等几个方面,在此基础上,探讨经济问题产生的根本原因,即清代驻防八旗体制存在弊端。然后,进一步总结荆州驻防八旗调整经济的各项措施,具体为增设兵额、公款“发商生息”、筹办工厂及工艺学堂、筹办学校、编练新军、组织捐款等。荆州驻防八旗的面临的经济困境不是地方性的,而是普遍发生在全国范围内的,清政府为解决经济问题做出了许多努力。通过一系列的经济调整措施,荆州驻防八旗的生计问题得到一定程度的缓解,但并未从根本上得到解决。第五部分为荆州驻防八旗的社会保障。社会保障制度是对驻防八旗经济生活的一种补充。荆州驻防八旗通过借支银两、赏银、抚恤等一系列措施,保障驻防旗人的经济生活。然而,随着清朝国力的逐渐衰退,清代荆州驻防八旗的社会保障制度也逐渐瓦解。辛亥革命以后,荆州驻防旗人的经济生活状况也发生了巨大改变。荆州驻防八旗的旗地、俸饷、经济举措和社会保障是荆州驻防八旗经济生活重要组成部分。在对荆州驻防八旗经济生活研究的过程中,需要对这几个方面进行深入探讨。限于史料匮乏的原因,文章还存在许多不足,仍需仔细搜集史料,对荆州驻防八旗的经济生活进行不断完善。
[Abstract]:The Jingzhou garrison eight banners established in Kangxi twenty-two years (1683), the establishment of the origin of the San Francisco rebellion. In the process of pacification of San Francisco, Jingzhou, with its unique geographical advantages, effectively resist the rebels, play an important role in the whole war. Because of its important military strategic position, the Qing government in Pingding after San Francisco, Manchuria immediately dispatched eight officers stationed in Jingzhou, Jingzhou. Jingzhou formally established this eight banners garrison set amount of 4000 soldiers, and are not the Manchu soldiers, Army soldiers. In addition to the amount, because this belongs to the garrison, together with family members, ministers, the total population should be above twenty thousand. Thus, the size of the garrison Eight Banners in Jingzhou big, important role. Jingzhou as the Eight Banners garrisoned in Qing Dynasty, played an important role in the whole system. The Qing Dynasty garrison garrison Eight Banners in Jingzhou since its establishment, to the Qing Wang Zhaomie dying death, After two hundred years of vicissitudes of life. They continued for such a long time, the fundamental factors to protect its vitality is the economy. Economic living conditions of the garrison Eight Banners in Jingzhou, as an important part of the eight banners, the research has important significance. At present, research on Jingzhou's anti eight economic life there are scattered in some books and papers, no special research. According to the existing research on Qing Dynasty garrison Eight Banners in Jingzhou, the main emphasis on the implementation of ethnic relations, school education and the revolution of 1911 transformation, research on the economic aspects of life are still lacking. In this paper, the garrison Eight Banners in Jingzhou economic life from the perspective of several Qing Dynasty garrison Eight Banners in Jingzhou economic life elements, namely the Jingzhou garrison flag, Jingzhou garrison eight banners salary, economic difficulties and the system adjustment, the Jingzhou garrison eight Study on its social security, has the innovation significance. This paper is divided into the following parts: the first part is the introduction. The introduction from the garrison Eight Banners in Jingzhou set up the importance of military status, discusses the basic situation of several aspects of the study of economic life and the importance of the Jingzhou Garrison Eight Banners then pointed out that the research scope and significance. This topic, and the related research achievements are reviewed and summarized. The second part for the flag of Jingzhou station. This chapter from the Qing Dynasty's establishment to the concept of the flag of this land system and the formation process of the basic outline and analysis. On this basis, further eight banners in Jingzhou's detail the Jingzhou garrison flag. The two, namely the horse factory and justice. This and the traditional sense of the flag is different, not directly assigned to the Jingzhou garrison soldiers horse factory of arable land. To set up to feed horses, but later called the reclamation. The reclamation is, because the horse is not adapt to the environment is easy to fall, and the soldiers and horses to compensation. In order to alleviate the economic pressure, reduce the volume of horses stationed several times. In this way, a large number of horses plummeted, horse factory were idle, then by reclamation reclamation has barley rent. Rent income of course, the economic benefit of garrison eight banners. The purchase of specialized for poor funeral Bannerman righteousness, to a certain extent, but also to ease the economic pressure of the Manchu Garrison. The third part is Jingzhou's anti the salary. The salary is the main source of the garrison the officers and men of economic income. This chapter is divided into garrison officials salary, two parts of the general salary, expounds the main component of the total annual income and income. The two of the salary income ratio and to some extent Summarize the overall situation, summary of Qing Dynasty in Jingzhou eight banners salary income. The fourth part is the economic difficulties and the system adjustment in Jingzhou. Firstly, the Eight Banners garrison Eight Banners in Jingzhou economic problems summarized as population growth, official corruption, financial crisis, Bannerman lazy and so on several aspects, on this basis, to explore the root cause the economic problems, namely, the Qing Dynasty garrison eight banners present system. Then, further summarizes the measures to adjust the economic garrison Eight Banners in Jingzhou, specifically for the additional amount of soldiers, "taking public funds to live, for the factory and technical school, for the school, to train a new army for donations. The garrison Eight Banners in Jingzhou facing economic the dilemma is not local, but generally occurred in the national scope, the Qing government made many efforts to solve economic problems. Through a series of adjustment measures, the Jingzhou Garrison The livelihood problem eased to some extent, but not fundamentally solved. The fifth part is the Jingzhou garrison eight banners social security. The social security system is a supplement to the Eight Banners in the economic life. The Jingzhou garrison eight banners by borrow silver, silver, a series of measures such as pension security, eight banners economic life. However, with the gradual decline of the Qing Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty garrison Eight Banners in Jingzhou social security system has gradually disintegrated. After the revolution of 1911, the economic life status of Jingzhou Manchu Garrison has also undergone a great change. The Jingzhou garrison eight banners flags, salary, economic measures and social security is an important part of economic life. In Jingzhou the Eight Banners the process of the study of economic life of the garrison in Jingzhou, we need to further discuss on this aspect. Due to lack of historical data, the article also has many not Enough, still need to carefully collect historical data, the Jingzhou garrison Eight Banners in economic life and constantly improve.

【学位授予单位】：长江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K249

【相似文献】