明代前中期北运白粮重役佥征流变

发布时间：2018-04-01 15:56

本文选题：明代　切入点：白粮　出处：《社会科学辑刊》2017年04期

【摘要】：白粮具有"任土作贡"的性质,北运白粮则是明代重役的代表。起初,江南五府距京城路途较近,明廷又以粮长制作为组织形式佥征大户承担重役,并未危及小民。但随着朱棣迁都,京城与五府间转运空间距离变长,白粮重役规模不断扩充。运输距离的激增致使运输白粮的地方应役人户所附带的财政责任被不断追加。由于大户多逃避白粮役并将其转嫁于小民,加之各种逃避赋役形式迭起,明廷采取措施抑制世充粮长在地方上势力的进一步扩展,即废除有关粮长专业人户并褫夺他们常年把持的白粮等重役的佥点科派之权。明中期开始白粮又以"户"的形式轮充与朋充,以政令的形式使这种重役由专门针对大户的负担转变为"里甲"全体人户共同负担,可以说明代北运白粮重役征收方式发生了根本的变化。
[Abstract]:White grain had the nature of "serving as tribute as a tribute to the earth", and transporting white grain to the north was the representative of heavy service in the Ming Dynasty. At first, the five prefectures in the south of the Yangtze River were closer to the capital, and the Ming government took the grain production as an organization to take on heavy labor. It didn't endanger Xiao Min. But as Zhu Di moved the capital, the distance between the city and the five governments became longer. The increase in the transportation distance resulted in an increase in the financial responsibilities attached to the families of local servant-holders who transported white grain. As the large households fled the white grain servitude and passed it on to the small people, the various forms of evading taxes were superseded. The Ming government took measures to curb the further expansion of the local power of the grain leaders in Shichong. That is, to abolish the legitimate rights of the families of grain managers and professionals and to deprive them of the heavy duty of "white grain", which they have held for many years. Since the middle of the Ming Dynasty, white grain has been filled with friends in the form of "households". In the form of government order, the heavy servitude was changed from the burden for large households to the common burden for all people in "Lijia". It can be said that the pattern of heavy duty collection of white grain transported to the north of Ming Dynasty has undergone a fundamental change.
【作者单位】：辽宁社会科学院文化学研究所;
【分类号】：K248

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