宋朝的俘虏政策研究

发布时间：2018-04-05 17:35

本文选题：宋朝　切入点：俘虏　出处：《河南大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 俘虏是指在战争中被直接抓获或在武力逼迫下投降的人员。俘虏作为人类社会的一类特殊群体,存在于各个历史时期,其被俘后的命运不尽相同。有宋一代,先后与辽、西夏、金、蒙古等政权相抗衡,同时要平定王朝内部的农民起义与士兵叛乱,在这些内外部冲突与战争中抓获了身份各异、数量庞大的俘虏。宋朝因袭前代制定了献俘礼,通过这种军礼仪式来宣扬国威,显示战功。献俘仪式及其隆重程度因俘虏的身份而有所不同,举行献俘礼的地点、出席献俘仪式的人员不固定;宋政府举行献俘礼时对本国将士进行奖赏,献俘仪式结束后将俘虏杀掉的事件比较少见。在军法上,宋政府对将士在行军途中、战争中、战争结束后如何处置俘虏做了详细规定,并制定了抓获俘虏后的奖赏标准,这些措施丰富了宋朝的军法内容。在借鉴前代俘虏政策的基础上,宋政府根据当时的政治形势,依据俘虏的身份,作出了不同的处理,这是宋朝俘虏政策灵活性的体现。恰当的俘虏政策,加快了北宋初期的统一进程,有利于新占领地区社会秩序的稳定,有利于从俘虏中发现有用的人才,还可以通过交换俘虏改善与敌国的关系,甚至利用俘虏实行反间计。不恰当的俘虏政策,则容易引起社会动荡,恶化与邻国的关系。同时,宋朝依然存在虐俘、杀俘的现象,这与宋政府把杀俘作为一种战术、维护自身统治的需要等原因有关,但大规模杀害俘虏的现象已很少见,这是宋政府以文治国方略、政策开明的重要体现。
[Abstract]:A prisoner is a person who is captured directly in a war or surrendered by force.As a special group in human society, prisoners exist in different historical periods, and their fate after capture is different.There were Song Dynasty, one after another with Liao, Xixia, Jin, Mongolia and other political regimes, at the same time to calm the peasant uprising and soldiers rebellion, in these internal and external conflicts and wars captured in different identities, a large number of prisoners.The Song Dynasty made the sacrifice of captivity in the previous generation, through which the military ceremony was used to propagate the national prestige and display military merit.The ceremony and its degree of pomp vary according to the status of the prisoner. The place where the gift was given was held, and the number of people attending the ceremony was not fixed. When the Song government presented the ceremony, the officers and soldiers of their country were rewarded.It is rare to kill a prisoner after a captivity ceremony.In the military law, the Song government made detailed regulations on how to deal with the prisoners after the war in the course of marching and during the war, and formulated the reward standard after the capture. These measures enriched the contents of the military law of the Song Dynasty.On the basis of drawing lessons from the previous prisoner policy, the Song government made different treatment according to the political situation and the identity of the prisoners, which was the embodiment of the flexibility of the prisoners policy in the Song Dynasty.The proper policy of prisoners accelerated the process of unification in the early Northern Song Dynasty, was conducive to the stability of social order in the newly occupied areas, to the discovery of useful talents from the prisoners, and to the improvement of relations with the enemy through the exchange of prisoners.Prisoners were even used to carry out counter-stratums.Improper capture policies are prone to social unrest and deterioration of relations with neighbouring countries.At the same time, the phenomenon of torture and killing of prisoners still exists in the Song Dynasty, which is related to the reason that the Song government regards the killing of prisoners as a tactic and the need to maintain its own rule. However, the phenomenon of mass killing of prisoners is very rare, which is the Song government's strategy of governing the country with literature.An important manifestation of enlightened policy.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K244

【引证文献】