汉唐谒者官制研究

发布时间：2018-04-06 04:31

本文选题：谒者　切入点：汉唐　出处：《鲁东大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文以传世文献为基础，结合汉简、封泥、印章等考古材料，并在充分吸收己有学术成果的基础上，对汉唐时期谒者官制发展演变的整个过程作了系统、全面的研究，并进而分析了其演变更替之原因。文章认为，谒者官制创设于春秋战国时期，历秦而来，至两汉时，其职官体系逐渐完备。两汉谒者多是从郎或孝廉中选拔；主要掌宾赞受事之任，并兼领宿卫之责及奉诏临时差遣等，也可以加官的身份参与朝政，典掌机要；两汉谒者先后文属于郎中令和光禄勋，而实际上是以其下属的左、右中郎将直接统领，直到东汉由谒者台专领；谒者因接近权力中心，迁转道路较为顺畅，除了正常的迁转外，还有许多因皇帝赏识其才干而不次升迁的。魏晋南北朝时期，谒者官制的一个重要的变化在于：魏晋南北朝之时则无论正常迁转还是不次升迁的情况都甚为鲜见，说明谒者升迁的空间大为缩减，并逐步远离了权力中枢；与此同时，则出现了与谒者的职能相关的中书通事舍人一职。迨至唐朝，中书通事舍人始分化并固定为中书舍人和通事舍人二官，谒者的承旨宣传的职任为中书舍人所承担，，谒者的朝见引纳之任为通事舍人所取代。至此，谒者的职任为中书舍人、通事舍人所分割，谒者一职设于太常寺，且其与以前历代谒者的性质、隶属、职任等都已大不相同，可以说，传统意义上的谒者官制到此实际上已退出历史舞台。至于谒者官制之所以发生这样的变化，主要与魏晋南北朝时期皇权的衰落和隋唐时期皇权强大时采取以别的官员代替了其职能有关。同时，文章还对争议颇多的中谒者一职的发展沿革进行了梳理和考证，指出中谒者的重要变型期应发生在东汉中、后期；经魏晋南北朝隋唐，中谒者终于与后宫属官中的谒者合为内谒者。
[Abstract]:Based on the historical documents, combined with the archaeological materials such as Han bamboo slips, mud seals, seals and other archaeological materials, and on the basis of fully absorbing the academic achievements, this paper makes a systematic and comprehensive study on the whole process of the development and evolution of the official system of the audience in the Han and Tang dynasties.And then analyzes the reason of its evolution and replacement.The article holds that the official system of audience was founded in the Spring and Autumn period and warring States period and came from Qin Dynasty to the Han Dynasty.Most of the audience in the Han Dynasty were selected from Lang or Hsiao-lien; the main people in charge of the Han Dynasty were selected from Lang or Hsiao-lien; they were mainly in charge of their duties, and they were also assigned the responsibility of receiving and receiving temporary orders from the imperial court. They could also take part in the government as officials and take charge of the machine. The audience in the Han Dynasty was successively written by Lang Zhongling and Guangluxun.In fact, the left and right of his subordinates will be directly in charge until the Eastern Han Dynasty is dominated by an audience from Taiwan; because he is close to the power center, the road to the transition is relatively smooth, except for the normal transfer.There are many who are not promoted because of the emperors' appreciation of their talents.During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties, one of the important changes of the official system of audience lies in: when the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties, whether the normal or non-promotion of the situation is very rare, indicating that the audience greatly reduced the space for promotion, and gradually away from the power center;At the same time, there is a related to the role of the audience of the Sheriff.Until the Tang Dynasty, the scholar of the book was divided and fixed as the second official of the scholar and the official of the scholar. The post of the scholar was assumed by the scholar, and the appointment of the audience was replaced by the scholar.At this point, the office of the audience is divided by the scholar in the middle of the book, and the post of the audience is located in the Taichang Temple, and it is quite different from the nature, membership, post, etc of the previous audience, so it can be said,In the traditional sense, the official system of audience has actually withdrawn from the stage of history.As for the change of the official system of audience, it is mainly related to the decline of imperial power in Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern dynasties and the adoption of other officials to replace its functions when imperial power was strong in Sui and Tang dynasties.At the same time, the article also reviews the development and evolution of the controversial Chinese audience, and points out that the important transformation period of the middle and late Eastern Han Dynasty should occur in the Sui and Tang dynasties of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties,At last, the audience was joined with those who were attached to the imperial palace.
【学位授予单位】：鲁东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K234;K242

【参考文献】