明代云贵地区改流复土现象研究

发布时间：2018-04-09 01:31

本文选题：明代　切入点：云贵地区　出处：《广西师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：改流复土,是指古代专制中央王朝对实施土官制或羁縻制的少数民族地区在改派流官后(或原来的土官制废除后该地暂由中央控制),旋又恢复由民族土酋世袭治理的一种特殊的社会现象。为了能迅速控制西南少数民族地区和统一全国,明初踵元故事在西南少数民族地区推行土司制度。但是,由于土司本身固有的割据性,并不适应统一多民族国家发展的需要,故而明朝统治者在统治稳固后,逐步采取措施,在西南少数民族地区推行改土归流政策。然而由于时机不成熟,加上明朝自身统治力量有限,在伴随着明朝进行改土归流的同时,也出现了改流复土的现象。改流复土虽然不是历史发展的主流,但也从另一个角度反映了明王朝在边疆少数民族地区的施政状况和治理边疆的效果。本文以明代(1368年——1640年)云贵地区的改流复土现象作为研究专题,笔者在查阅大量史料的基础上,对明代云贵地区复土土司的数据进行了较详细地统计分析,认为明代云贵地区改流复土的出现并不是个别、偶然的现象,而是具有相当的普遍性。究其原因,从明中央角度来说,无论是改土归流还是改流复土,均出于维护明朝在云贵地区统治的稳定和全国统一这一根本目的；而从地方的角度来说,主要是当时云贵地区社会发展还不具备大规模改土归流的成熟条件,云贵地区的土司和少数民族对明朝的改土归流不能认同和接受。尽管明代云贵地区改流复土现象只是历史进程中的反复,但却具有深远的历史意义和影响,那就是为清朝及以后的政府进行大规模地、彻底地改土归流提供借鉴,积累了经验；同时也为我们今天在少数民族地区开张工作提供经验和借鉴。
[Abstract]:Change the flow to cover the soil,It is a kind of special social phenomenon that the ancient autocratic central dynasty controlled the minority areas that implemented the local official system or Jimi system (or after the abolition of the original official system) by the central government, and then returned to the hereditary government of the minority nationality.In order to control the southwest minority areas quickly and unify the whole country, the Tusi system was carried out in the southwest minority areas in the early Ming Dynasty.However, due to the inherent separatism of the Tusi itself, it did not meet the needs of the development of a unified multi-ethnic country, so the rulers of the Ming Dynasty gradually took measures to carry out the policy of reforming the land and returning to flow in the southwest minority areas after the rule was firm.However, due to the immaturity of the time and the limited power of the Ming Dynasty itself, with the Ming Dynasty changing the land and returning to the flow, there also appeared the phenomenon of changing the flow and returning the soil.Although it is not the mainstream of historical development, it also reflects the administrative status of the Ming Dynasty in the frontier minority areas and the effect of the governance of the frontier areas from another angle.In this paper, the phenomenon of reflow and soil restoration in Yungui area in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1640) is taken as the research topic. On the basis of consulting a large amount of historical data, the author makes a detailed statistical analysis on the data of the clay restoration in the Yungui area of the Ming Dynasty.It is considered that the appearance of changing flow and soil in Yungui area in Ming Dynasty is not an isolated or accidental phenomenon, but is quite universal.From the point of view of the central government of the Ming Dynasty, the fundamental purpose of maintaining the stability and national unity of the Ming Dynasty in the Yungui region was to maintain the stability and national unity of the Ming Dynasty, both from the local point of view, and from the local point of view.At that time, the social development of Yungui area did not have the mature conditions of large-scale land conversion and return flow, and the TuSi and minority nationalities in Yungui area could not accept and accept the change of land and return flow in the Ming Dynasty.Although the phenomenon of changing flow and reclaiming soil in Yungui area in Ming Dynasty is only repeated in the historical process, it has far-reaching historical significance and influence, which is to provide reference and accumulate experience for the Qing Dynasty and its subsequent governments to carry out large-scale and thorough reform of soil and return flow.At the same time, it also provides experience and reference for our opening work in ethnic minority areas today.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K248

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