元代弓手制度初探

发布时间：2018-04-16 17:01

本文选题：元代 + 弓手　；参考：《中国史研究》2017年01期

【摘要】：弓手制度作为宋金控制基层社会的统治经验被元朝继承,纳入了"祖述变通"的制度建构模式之中。元代弓手设置广泛,按规定要以百分之一的比例从百姓中选拔。实际上,由于各地治安状况的差异,弓手的选拔与这个比例并非完全一致。弓手主要职能为巡捕,其内容主要包括:巡夜禁、巡捕盗贼、监视基层民众动向等。元代弓手制度表现出一些有异于前代的突出特征,最为明显的就是由宋代的乡役转变成一种特殊的户计,反映了元代由户计制度带来的民众职业与职役的固定化。元代弓手在职能运行和社会地位等方面均表现出一些元朝的制度特色。元政府对其运行中出现的弊端也相应地做出调整和完善,反映了元代国家政权对维护社会治安和加强基层社会控制的重视。
[Abstract]:As the ruling experience of controlling the grass-roots society in Song and Jin dynasties, the bowman system was inherited by the Yuan Dynasty and brought into the system construction mode of "Zushu alternative".The Yuan Dynasty set up a wide range of bowmen, according to the provisions to be selected from the common people in proportion of 1%.In fact, due to the differences in the security situation, the selection of bowmen and this ratio is not exactly the same.The main function of the bowman is to patrol and arrest, which mainly includes: night patrol ban, patrol burglar, surveillance of grassroots movements, and so on.The bowman system of the Yuan Dynasty showed some prominent features different from the previous one, the most obvious being the transformation from the village service in the Song Dynasty to a special kind of household plan, which reflected the immobilization of the occupation and service of the people brought about by the household counting system in the Yuan Dynasty.In the Yuan Dynasty, the bowmen showed some characteristics of the Yuan Dynasty in the aspects of function operation and social status.The Yuan government adjusted and perfected the malpractice that appeared in its operation, which reflected the attention paid by the state power of Yuan Dynasty to the maintenance of public order and the strengthening of social control at the grass-roots level.
【作者单位】：武汉大学历史学院;
【分类号】：D691.6;K247

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