被遮蔽的“钱赈”:清代灾赈中的货币流通初探

发布时间：2018-04-17 09:29

本文选题：钱赈 + 灾赈　；参考：《清史研究》2017年01期

【摘要】："钱赈"指灾赈中以小额通货为中心的资源调配与赈济机制,其思想源远流长,理应在中国荒政思想中占据重要一席,但一直为相关研究所忽略。清代"钱赈"经历了一个由临时举措到固定惯例,再到成熟制度的演变过程,成熟标志为同治九年"畿南钱赈案"中制定的《会拟办贷章程》。通过考察灾赈中赈款的调拨、运输、兑换、散放、消费、回流、沉淀的各个阶段,可以发现银钱兑换是灾赈中货币流通的核心环节,而钱赈则是该链条的主线。结合先前研究可知,灾荒对清代城乡货币流通具有双重性影响,一方面灾荒会引发灾区严重的钱荒危机;另一方面大规模的灾赈活动会推动外部赈钱输入灾区,实现小额通货从城镇向农村的流动与沉淀,从而引发城乡金融资源的重新分配。
[Abstract]:"money relief" refers to the resource allocation and relief mechanism centered on small currency in disaster relief. Its thought dates back to ancient times and should occupy an important place in the thought of famine administration in China, but it has always been neglected by relevant research institutes.The Qing Dynasty "money relief" experienced a process of evolution from temporary measures to fixed practices, and then to mature system.By examining the allocation, transportation, exchange, dispersal, consumption, return and precipitation of the relief funds in the disaster relief, we can find that the money exchange is the core link of the currency circulation in the disaster relief, and the money relief is the main line of the chain.Combined with previous studies, we can see that famine has a dual impact on the circulation of money in urban and rural areas in the Qing Dynasty. On the one hand, famine will lead to a serious cash shortage crisis in the disaster areas; on the other hand, large-scale disaster relief activities will promote the inflow of external relief money into the disaster areas.The small currency flows and precipitates from town to countryside, which leads to the redistribution of financial resources in urban and rural areas.
【作者单位】：山西大学中国社会史研究中心;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(16YJC770006) 国家社科基金重大项目(13&ZD092) 山西省高校哲学社会科学研究一般项目(2016211)资助成果
【分类号】：F822.9;K249

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