李约瑟难题与明清社会——读《文明的滴定》

发布时间：2018-04-18 18:59

本文选题：李约瑟 + 李约瑟难题　；参考：《古代文明》2017年04期

【摘要】：李约瑟所作《文明的滴定》提供了迄今对于"李约瑟难题"最具有系统性的解答,对于透视明清时代中国科技状态与发展潜质乃至理解整个中华文明历史研究,有重要参考意义。本文首先指出,理解李约瑟该书,首先需要把握他的方法论倾向,包括谨慎的历史进步论、反对欧洲中心主义、不承认五种社会形态依次递进说、结构论与文明史观。进而,文章将李约瑟对"李约瑟难题"的解答归纳为3项论说,即"亚细亚官僚制度"是中国难以在明清之际实现向现代科技飞跃的体制原因、现代科学与古代中世纪科学具有本质区别、中西自然法观念差异及有机论与机械论世界观差异构成中西科学道路差异的重要原因,并结合作者本人对明清历史的研究进行解读与评论。结论认为,李约瑟倾一生之力就"李约瑟难题"所做的回答是一份宝贵知识财富,其中包含一些推测、模糊,甚至可质疑成分,但确乎提供了关于明清中国没有兴起现代科学的迄今为止最为全面、深入的参考答案。
[Abstract]:Needham's titration of Civilization provides the most systematic solution to the Needham problem up to now. It also provides a perspective on the state and development potential of science and technology in China during the Ming and Qing dynasties, as well as an understanding of the history of Chinese civilization as a whole.It has important reference significance.This paper first points out that to understand Needham's book, we should first grasp his methodological tendency, including prudent historical progress theory, opposition to Eurocentrism, denial of five social forms in turn, structural theory and civilized historical view.Furthermore, the article summarizes Needham's answer to the Needham problem into three arguments, that is, "Asian bureaucracy" is the institutional reason why it is difficult for China to make a leap to modern science and technology during the Ming and Qing dynasties.The difference between modern science and medieval science is essential. The difference of natural law concept between China and the West and the difference of world outlook between organic theory and mechanical theory constitute the important reasons for the difference in the way of Chinese and western science.And combined with the author of the study of the Ming and Qing dynasties history for interpretation and comments.The conclusion is that Needham's answer to the Needham problem is a valuable piece of knowledge, which contains some speculative, vague, or even questionable elements.However, it provides the most comprehensive and in-depth reference answer on the absence of modern science in Ming and Qing dynasties.
【作者单位】：东北师范大学亚洲文明研究院;
【分类号】：K248

【相似文献】