北宋治蜀研究

发布时间：2018-04-19 19:16

本文选题：北宋 + 治蜀　；参考：《西南大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：北宋时期的蜀地包括四个路,即成都府路、夔州路、梓州路和利州路,该四路和今天的重庆、四川两地在地域上大部分契合,当然也包括今陕西汉中和陇南的部分地区,作为王朝的边陲之地,它西接吐蕃,南接南诏,北临西夏,战略地位极为重要。蜀地有着得天独厚的自然条件,北隔秦岭大山,西接横断山区,南亘云贵高原,东阻巴山夔门,形成一个天然的大盆地。该地区物产富饶,人民殷实,它的安定与否,直接和王朝的稳定和发展息息相关。北宋政府在治蜀方面制定了许多特别而又有针对性的蜀地政策,以期能达到对该地区的最佳治理效果,从而实现王朝利益的最大化。本文从下面五个方面来论述政府的治蜀策略和思想：第一章,介绍中央政府对蜀地的政治策略。官员的铨选方式和对腐败吏治的惩治是本章的两个重点。政府对入蜀主政官的铨选极为重视,慎之又慎,所选主政官都是皇帝的心腹重臣,还常“委以重柄”,许以“便宜行事”之权。蜀地重要的地方官员不能由本地人为之,这主要是出于对安全的考虑,政府要防患于未然,后来随着安全情况的渐趋好转,政策有所松动,但外地官员主政的局面并没有改变。而在吏治、司法还有其它方面的治理上,都同样体现了政府的防范思想。第二章,介绍治蜀的经济政策。北宋政府存在众所周知的“三冗”问题,财政紧张就是其中之一。庞大的政府要正常运转,需要大量的钱财物资来支持,富庶的巴蜀被迫承担起了这个重任。历届官员们以此为要务,在维护该地区稳定的基础上,不遗余力的为中央政府收集着钱财。该举措可谓一举两得,即解决了王朝的财政所需,又从经济上削弱了巴蜀地方政府的经济实力,从而减少了动乱之因,更好的维护了该地区的稳定。这一政策持续到北宋灭亡也没有改变过。第三章,介绍对蜀地的教化。政府在蜀地的教化措施主要从两个方面来进行,一个是改变落后的风俗习惯,另一个是大力发展该地区的教育。政府迫切希望能通过多种措施,提高人民的文化素养,进而维护该地区的稳定。第四章,介绍对蜀地的军事控制。北宋政府对蜀地的军事控制非常成功,这得益于他非常特别的军事部署,就是贯以执行的‘弱内强外’政策,在蜀地内部驻扎少量军队,而在周边的地区,如荆门军、秦凤路等地驻扎重军,一有情况,就迅速入川。这种带有遏制色彩的军事部署,效果十分明显。第五章,对北宋治蜀的思想和中央与地方的互动关系做一个简单的归纳。其治理的思想主要是以辅以教化的强势态度为治理的主线,而中央政府和地方政府的关系是分权与制衡的关系。北宋王朝审时度势,随时调整中央和地方的关系,从而维护了该地区的稳定。
[Abstract]:Shu in the Northern Song Dynasty included four roads, namely, Chengdu Fu Lu, Kuizhou Road, Zi Zhou Road and Lizhou Road. These four roads were in most geographical agreement with Chongqing and Sichuan today, and of course also included parts of Hanzhong and Longnan in Shaanxi today. As the frontier of the dynasty, it is bounded by Tubo in the west, Nanzhao in the south and Xixia in the north, so its strategic position is extremely important. Shudi has unique natural conditions, north of Qinling mountain, west of Hengduan mountain area, south everlasting cloud Guizhou plateau, east blocking Bashan Kuimen, forming a natural large basin. The region is rich in products and rich in people, and its stability is directly related to the stability and development of the dynasty. The Northern Song Dynasty government formulated many special and targeted Shu policies in order to achieve the best governance effect of the region and to maximize the interests of the dynasty. This paper discusses the government's strategy and thought of managing Shu from the following five aspects: The first chapter introduces the political strategy of the central government to Shu. The ways of selecting officials and punishing corrupt officials are the two emphases of this chapter. The government attaches great importance to the election of government officials who enter Shu, and is extremely cautious. They are the most important officials of the emperor, and often "handle the matter" and exercise the right to "act cheaply". The important local officials in Shushu can not be done by the local people. This is mainly out of the consideration of safety. The government should prevent trouble in the first place. Later, as the security situation gradually improved, the policy was somewhat relaxed, but the situation of local officials in the field had not changed. And in the administration of officials, the judiciary and other aspects of governance, the same reflects the government's ideas of prevention. The second chapter introduces the economic policy of Shu. The Northern Song Dynasty government has known the "three redundancy" problem, the financial strain is one of them. A large government needed a lot of money to support it, and the rich Bashu was forced to take on the task. Officials have made it a priority to collect money for the central government on the basis of stability in the region. This measure can be said to kill two birds with one stone, that is, to solve the financial needs of the dynasty, but also to weaken the economic strength of the Bashu local government, thus reducing the cause of unrest and better maintaining the stability of the region. This policy lasted until the death of the Northern Song Dynasty has not changed. The third chapter introduces the enlightenment of Shu. The educational measures of the government in Shu are mainly carried out from two aspects, one is to change the backward customs and habits, the other is to develop the education in this area. The government is eager to improve cultural literacy and maintain stability in the region through a variety of measures. The fourth chapter introduces the military control of Shuji. The Northern Song government's military control over Shu was very successful, thanks to its very special military deployment, namely, the implementation of the "weak internal and external" policy, in which a small number of troops were stationed within the Shu, while in the surrounding areas, such as the Jingmen Army, Qinfeng Road and other places stationed heavy troops, as soon as there is a situation, quickly into Sichuan. This kind of military deployment with the color of containment, the effect is very obvious. Chapter five summarizes the thought of ruling Shu in Northern Song Dynasty and the interaction between central and local government. The main idea of its governance is that it is supported by the strong attitude of enlightenment, while the relationship between the central government and the local government is the relationship between separation of powers and checks and balances. The Northern Song Dynasty judged the situation and adjusted the relationship between central and local government at any time, thus maintaining the stability of the region.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K244

【参考文献】