姚碧、汪志伊的《荒政辑要》比较研究

发布时间：2018-04-20 22:30

本文选题：姚碧 + 汪志伊　；参考：《安徽大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】：清朝是中国传统荒政发展的最完备时期,大量荒政文献记载了诸多救荒之策和荒政举措。乾嘉时期,姚碧和汪志伊分别著述的《荒政辑要》(文中分别简称”姚著”和”汪著”)是其中重要的两部,对二者进行比较分析,有着极其重要的研究价值。两部《荒政辑要》都是在康乾以来经世致用之风影响下,本着佐政治世、为民除害的精神著述而成,也与两位作者亲身经历并实施荒政有密切关系,所以,书中汇集了诸多荒政举措和实践经验,并蕴涵着丰富的荒政思想。从比较二者版本和内容看,汪著版本远多于姚著版本,且流传较广,姚著仅知两种版本,且局限于江浙地区。从内容上看,二者都从荒政各环节经验、方法和利弊等方面展开说明和分析,共同的关注点很多,但二者的突出共点是：注意对社会特殊群体的救助。具体在写作角度上有不同,汪著偏重于”宏观”把握和掌控,姚著偏重于“微观”考察和分析。汪著写作纵横占今,旁征博引各荒政事例和成说,扶植小民持续的抗灾力,强调荒政人才的重要作用和社会和谐发展；姚著偏重于具体荒政实务分析和问题解决,强调”治本”重要性,根本性防止或者杜绝灾害发生,特别突出的是记载了浙江省一些荒政特例和浙江水系治理及利用等地方荒政事项。从二者价值比较分析,汪著保存了比较完整的《户部则例》部分内容,以及历代名臣、荒政专家的荒政举措和经验；姚著则保存了较多雍乾时期有关荒政谕旨、定例、条例和臣工章奏,以及相应地方的荒政事例,所以,史料价值突出；同时,思想价值也很明显。二者所蕴含的民本思想、人才思想、通变思想、创新思想,以及为官尽责、防微杜渐的为政理念和居安思危、防患未然的忧患意识,反映了清前期官僚士大夫及知识分子对荒政的认知水平；出于受经世致用之风影响,两部《荒政辑要》都积极地发挥着实用价值,强调细致而具体地做好荒政每一项工作,切实而行,让小民均沾实惠；提倡并劝谕民间救助,但应该顺民情而行政；严申法纪,防人害甚于防天灾；爱惜民力,扶植生产,注重灾后重建和生产能力恢复等。所以,两部《荒政辑要》不仅在清朝减灾救灾等荒政活动中发挥了重要作用,还对今天学术研究具有重要价值。当然,两部《荒政辑要》也有不足的地方,由于受认知水平局限,书中内容都不同程度地充斥着唯心神怪思想,对自然灾害成因没有作科学探讨,特别是汪著的唯心思想更加浓郁一些,所以,不可能找到自然灾害发生的真正原因。但其所宣扬的“天人感应”思想,却起到了促使人们维护自然和谐,主动实施“仁政”的客观效果。
[Abstract]:The Qing Dynasty is the most complete period of China ' s traditional wilderness development , and a great deal of wilderness literature records many kinds of famine policy and wasteland action . During the period of Qijia period , Yao Bi and Wang Zhiyi ' s writings are the important two parts , which are of great significance to the comparative analysis of both .

The two parts of this paper , which are written in the spirit of the political world , have a close relationship with the two authors ' own experiences and have close relations with their own experiences , have brought together a great deal of wilderness and practical experiences , and contain rich ideas on the wilderness .

From the comparison of the two versions and contents , Wang author is far more than Yao ' s version , and is widely spread , Yao writes only two versions , and is confined to the area of Zhejiang and Zhejiang .

Wang author ' s writing aspect accounts for the present and the side recruitment of various waste management examples and Cheng said , to foster the sustainable disaster resilience of the small people , emphasize the important role of the desert and the harmonious development of the society ;
Mr . Yao focused on the practical analysis and the problem solving of the concrete wasteland , emphasized the importance of " governing the constitution " , basically prevented or prevented the occurrence of the disaster , and especially pointed out that some special cases of waste administration in Zhejiang Province and the management and utilization of water system in Zhejiang Province were recorded .

From the comparative analysis of the two values , Wang author held a comparison of the contents of the regular part of the regular census register , as well as the absurd initiatives and experiences of the famous ministers and the wilderness experts .
Mr . Yao has held more dry periods related to the decrees , decrees , regulations and ministerial rules , as well as the absurd cases in the corresponding places , so the value of historical materials is outstanding ;
At the same time , the thought value is also obvious . Both the people - oriented thought , the talent thought , the thought of change , the thought of innovation , and the government ' s due diligence , the anti - calculus , the thought of the government and the security thinking , the prevention of the unexpected sad consciousness , reflected the pre - Qing bureaucratic scholar and the intellectual ' s cognition level to the wilderness ;

in that light of the wind influence by the world , both parts of the desert and the desert have played a positive role in the practical value , and emphasize the careful and concrete implementation of each work of the wilderness , which is effective and practical , so that all the people are affordable ;
Promotion and persuasion of civil aid , but should be administered in accordance with the people ' s feelings ;
Yan Shen Juris , the anti - human being more than the disaster prevention ;
Therefore , it is important for the academic research of the two departments not only to play an important role in the waste management activities such as disaster relief , disaster relief and disaster relief , but also to the academic research today .

Of course , there are not enough places in the two parts , because of the limitation of cognitive level , the content of the book is filled with the idea of idealism , so it is not possible to find the real cause of natural disasters . However , it is not possible to find the real cause of natural disasters . However , it has played a role in promoting the maintenance of natural harmony and actively pursuing " benevolence " .

【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K249

【参考文献】