关于契丹建辽的几个重大史实问题

发布时间：2018-04-22 03:07

本文选题：契丹建辽 + 国家形态　；参考：《辽宁师范大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 阿保机建国称帝的实质并不在于契丹人“建立国家的新制度”,而是在于契丹国家发展过程中的改朝换代。907年阿保机设立神坛、燔柴祭天、正式宣布即皇帝位的隆重典礼仪式,实质上是一次契丹国家政权的改朝换代。这也正是辽帝国建立的标志。契丹建立的国家政权,并不仅仅以辽朝和西辽为限,自公元4世纪下半叶契丹始兴至13世纪初叶西辽灭亡,近900年间,契丹国家经历了产生、初步发展和发展成熟这样三个历史时期,并且相应地经历了三种发展形态。具体说来,古八部时期,是契丹国家的产生时期,其国家发展处于“古国”形态;至迟至遥辇氏时期,契丹国家发展到汗国阶段,其发展形态表现为部族国家。契丹建辽以后,其国家发展又进而由部族国家进入中央集权式的帝国形态。辽朝是我国古代的契丹人在北方地区建立起来的一个中国文化传统的强大草原帝国,这种草原帝国是中华国家发展史上的续生形态,是灿烂中华文明的重要组成部分。契丹作为中国古代北方地区的一个后起民族,它所建立的辽朝,其初期的社会性质和政权组织形式,既与同时存在于中原一带的五代背景和宋政权有着明显的区别,也不能用以往贯用的社会发展模式简单地生搬硬套。阿保机所创立的契丹国家政权,在早期发展阶段,既不是建立在氏族制废墟基础之上的奴隶制,也不是同期存的五代政权和北宋政权式的封建专制国家,而是一个具有鲜明的民族特性和时代特征的分权式的部族制国家。辽朝早期的太祖、太宗、世宗和穆宗四朝,曾先后以“大契丹”、“大辽”、“大契丹”做为国号。早在辽太祖建辽伊始,辽朝就已经建号大契丹,创立了国号制度。目前已经确知,辽朝在太宗大同元年改号大辽之后,最晚于穆宗即位之初的应历元年(951年),就已经再次改称大契丹,并一直沿用到兴宗朝。并不似以往所说的辽朝在圣宗在位之际,才再次改称的大契丹。
[Abstract]:The essence of the founding and title of Emperor by Ah Baoji lies not in the "establishment of a new system of state" by the Khitan people, but in the transformation of the regime in the course of the development of the Qidan country. In 907, Albuquerque set up a shrine, burnt wood for sacrifice to heaven, and officially announced the ceremonious ceremony of the emperor's throne. In essence, it is a regime change of Qidan state. This is also the sign of the establishment of the Liao Empire. The state power established by Qidan was not limited to the Liao Dynasty and the Western Liao Dynasty. From the beginning of Qidan's emergence in the second half of the 4th century to the early end of the Western Liao Dynasty in the 13th century, the Qidan state experienced its emergence in the last 900 years. The initial development and development mature such three historical periods, and has experienced three kinds of development patterns accordingly. Specifically, the period of eight ancient books is the period when Qidan country came into being, its national development is in the form of "ancient country", and as late as the distant period, Qidan country develops to the stage of khanguo, and its development form is the tribal state. After Qidan established Liao Dynasty, its national development went from tribal state to centralized imperial form. Liao Dynasty is a strong grassland empire established by Qidan people in the northern part of China in ancient times. This kind of grassland empire is a continuous form in the history of Chinese national development and an important part of brilliant Chinese civilization. Qidan, as a late rising nation in the northern part of China, established the Liao Dynasty in its initial social nature and political organization form, which was obviously different from the background of the five dynasties and the regime of the Song Dynasty, which existed in the Central Plains at the same time. Also cannot use the social development pattern which used in the past simply to copy mechanically. In the early stage of development, the Khitan state regime, founded by Abou Ji, was neither a slavery based on the ruins of the clan system, nor a feudal autocratic state of the five dynasties and the regime of the Northern Song Dynasty that existed in the same period. It was a decentralized tribal state with distinct national and contemporary characteristics. In the early Liao Dynasty, Taizu, Taizong, Shizong and Muzong used "Great Qidan", "Big Liao" and "Great Qidan" as the national name. As early as Liao Taizu built Liao, Liao Dynasty has built the name of the Great Khitan, the establishment of the national name system. It is now known that the Liao Dynasty was renamed Dachidan again in the first year of Taizong's Great Harmony, and was used until the Xingzong Dynasty at the latest, in the first year of Mu Zong's reign (951 years). The Liao Dynasty did not change its name to Great Khitan again when the Holy Emperor was in power.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K246.1

【引证文献】