宋代平民养老研究三题

发布时间：2018-04-26 08:50

本文选题：宋朝 + 平民老人　；参考：《扬州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：老年人,是社会中的弱势群体,理应受到全社会的扶助和照顾。在古代社会,广大平民老人得以安享晚年,不仅体现了国家政治清明、社会稳定,亦符合儒家思想中的“王道”政治。因此,历代统治者均重视老人的养老问题。两宋时期,政府沿袭优待老人的传统:一方面,给予老人官衔、爵位,并邀请他们参与各类典礼,借以提高老人的社会地位;另一方面,赐予老人钱币、茶帛,免除差役,减轻他们的经济负担。此外,在法律上也给予老人一定的优待和保护。这些措施都彰显了政府对老人养老问题的重视。在现实生活中,多数老人和子女晚辈同居一处,居家养老;还有部分老人依靠大家庭养老。在民间,一些宗族内设置了义庄,对同宗老人进行救济。此外,政府也出台一系列措施,以确保老人老有所养,如侍丁制度、留养制度等。对于那些无家可归的老人,则由政府开办的救助机构收留和救助,如福田院、居养院、养济院等。但是,依靠政府的力量显然不能解决所有无家可归者的养老问题。为此,政府大力提倡孝道、表彰孝亲,并给予家有老人的家庭一定的政治、经济优待,借以在社会上形成敬老、养老的风气,促使每个家庭都能孝养老人。宋政府出台诸多政策,保障老人的晚年生活,这对家庭的稳定、社会的和谐都有积极的意义。这些政策有些得到落实,有些却流于形式,这也是值得注意的地方。
[Abstract]:The elderly, the vulnerable groups in the society, should be supported and cared for by the whole society. In ancient society, the old people were able to enjoy their twilight years in peace, which not only reflected Pure Brightness's national politics and social stability, but also accorded with the politics of "king's way" in Confucianism. Therefore, the rulers of all dynasties have attached importance to the problem of the aged. During the Song Dynasty, the government followed the tradition of giving preferential treatment to the elderly: on the one hand, they were given official titles and titles, and they were invited to participate in various ceremonies to improve the social status of the elderly; on the other hand, they were given money, tea and silk for the elderly to be exempted from the service. Lighten their financial burden. In addition, the law also gives the elderly some preferential treatment and protection. These measures all highlight the government's attention to the problem of the elderly. In real life, most of the old people live together with their children to support the aged at home, and some old people rely on the large family for the aged. In the folk, some clans set up Yizhuang, to the same family elderly relief. In addition, the government has introduced a series of measures to ensure that the elderly, such as care system, retention system, etc. For those who are homeless, government-run aid institutions, such as Fukuda Hospital, Residential Home, Economic Home, etc. But it is clear that government power alone will not solve the problem of caring for all homeless people. For this reason, the government strongly advocates filial piety, commends filial piety, and gives certain political and economic preferential treatment to families with elderly families, so as to form a social atmosphere of respecting the elderly and providing for the aged, so as to encourage every family to filial piety and foster the elderly. The Song government issued many policies to ensure the old people's life in old age, which has positive significance to the stability of family and the harmony of society. Some of these policies have been implemented, while others have become mere formality, which is also worthy of attention.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D669.6;K244

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